Phenol

Phenol is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H6O and molecular weight of 94.11 g/mol. It consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached directly to it. Phenol is classified as a highly hazardous substance with corrosive properties, acute toxicity, and mutagenic potential. It appears as white crystalline solid at room temperature with a distinctive sweet, medicinal odor.

Phenol is a white crystalline solid at room temperature with a characteristic sweet, tarry odor. It has a melting point of 40.5°C and boiling point of 181.7°C. Phenol is moderately soluble in water (approximately 8.3 g/100 mL at 20°C) and highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether. It turns pink or red upon exposure to air and light due to oxidation.

Phenol is primarily used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, particularly for producing phenolic resins, bisphenol A, and caprolactam. It serves as a precursor for pharmaceuticals, including aspirin and other medications. Industrial applications include manufacture of plastics, synthetic fibers, dyes, and preservatives. Phenol is also used in laboratory settings as a disinfectant and in molecular biology protocols for DNA and protein extraction.

Phenol requires strict safety measures due to its corrosive and toxic nature. Essential PPE includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, face shield, and protective clothing covering all skin. Work only in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods. Avoid skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion completely. Use appropriate tools for handling and never touch with bare hands. Ensure emergency shower and eyewash stations are readily accessible.

Phenol must be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly sealed in original packaging, preferably in secondary containment. Store separately from oxidizing agents, bases, and incompatible materials. Maintain storage temperature below 25°C to prevent melting. Ensure storage area has appropriate spill containment and is accessible only to trained personnel with proper authorization.

Phenol exposure requires immediate emergency response. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, then seek medical attention. If inhaled, move to fresh air and get medical help. For eye contact, rinse continuously with water for 15 minutes. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Always call poison control or emergency services.

Phenol disposal must comply with local and international hazardous waste regulations. It cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams or poured down drains. Contact licensed hazardous waste disposal companies for proper collection and treatment. Small quantities may require neutralization or incineration at specialized facilities. Document all disposal activities and maintain records as required by environmental regulations. Never attempt amateur disposal methods due to environmental and safety risks.

Phenol is classified as ADR Class 6.1 (toxic substances), Packing Group II, requiring specialized transport procedures. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with proper labeling including GHS pictograms (GHS05, GHS06, GHS08). Transport vehicles need appropriate placarding and documentation. Only trained drivers with dangerous goods certification can transport phenol. Emergency response information and safety data sheets must accompany shipments.

Phenol is subject to comprehensive European chemical regulations under REACH and CLP. It carries multiple hazard classifications including Muta. 2, Acute Tox. 3, STOT RE 2, and Skin Corr. 1B, requiring detailed safety data sheets and risk assessments. While not currently listed as SVHC, its mutagenic properties mean regulatory status could change. Users must comply with occupational exposure limits, worker protection requirements, and environmental discharge restrictions.

Phenol is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals. As an established chemical supplier, OYSI can provide phenol with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. Given phenol's hazardous classification, purchase requires demonstration of legitimate industrial use and appropriate handling capabilities. Contact OYSI's technical team for availability, specifications, and regulatory guidance for your specific application requirements.