Methyl formate

Methyl formate is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2 and CAS number 107-31-3. It is the methyl ester of formic acid, with a molecular weight of 60.05 g/mol. This substance appears as a colorless liquid with a characteristic ethereal odor. Methyl formate is classified as a highly flammable liquid and poses moderate toxicity risks, requiring careful handling in industrial applications.

Methyl formate is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant, ethereal odor reminiscent of rum. It has a low boiling point of approximately 32°C and is highly volatile at room temperature. The substance is miscible with most organic solvents including alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons. It has limited solubility in water and tends to hydrolyze slowly in aqueous solutions, especially under acidic or basic conditions.

Methyl formate is primarily used as a solvent in various industrial applications, particularly for acrylic resins, cellulose acetate, and nitrocellulose. It serves as an intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis and as a fumigant for dried fruits, grains, and tobacco. The substance is also employed in the production of formic acid and methanol through hydrolysis, and as a blowing agent in foam manufacturing processes.

Methyl formate requires strict safety measures due to its high flammability and toxicity. Personnel must wear appropriate PPE including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection in poorly ventilated areas. Work areas must be well-ventilated and free from ignition sources. Grounding and bonding of equipment is essential during transfer operations. Emergency eyewash stations and safety showers should be readily accessible in work areas.

Methyl formate must be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Storage containers should be made of compatible materials and kept tightly sealed to prevent evaporation. The substance should be separated from strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Storage areas must comply with flammable liquid storage regulations and be equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems and spill containment measures.

Methyl formate exposure requires immediate action depending on the route of contact. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly with soap and water. In case of eye contact, flush immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical care. Always consult safety data sheets for complete first aid procedures.

Methyl formate disposal must comply with local, national, and EU waste regulations as a hazardous chemical waste. The substance cannot be disposed of in regular drains or landfills due to its flammability and toxicity. Disposal should be conducted through licensed hazardous waste contractors who can ensure proper treatment through incineration at appropriate facilities. Empty containers may also require special handling as they may retain hazardous residues.

Methyl formate is classified under ADR as Class 3 (Flammable Liquids), Packing Group I, indicating high danger during transport. Transportation requires specialized packaging, proper labeling with GHS02 and GHS07 pictograms, and appropriate shipping documentation. Vehicles must be equipped with suitable fire extinguishing equipment and drivers must hold ADR certification. Transport must comply with tunnel restrictions and routing requirements for dangerous goods.

Methyl formate is subject to multiple European regulations including CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) and REACH registration requirements. It is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). The substance must be handled according to occupational exposure limits and workplace safety regulations. Users must maintain safety data sheets, implement risk assessments, and ensure proper worker training and protective measures are in place.

Methyl formate is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals. As an established chemical distributor, OYSI can provide methyl formate with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. For procurement inquiries, technical specifications, packaging options, and availability, customers should contact OYSI directly through their official channels to discuss specific requirements and ensure proper handling throughout the supply chain.