Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H3N and CAS number 75-05-8. This colorless liquid belongs to the nitrile family and has a molecular weight of 41.05 g/mol. It is classified as a flammable liquid with acute toxicity properties and eye irritation potential. Acetonitrile is widely used as a polar aprotic solvent in various industrial applications and analytical chemistry procedures.

Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile liquid with a distinctive sweet, ether-like odor. It has excellent miscibility with water and most organic solvents, making it highly versatile. The compound exhibits high polarity despite being aprotic, with a low viscosity and moderate boiling point. Its flammable nature requires careful handling, as it can form explosive mixtures with air under certain conditions.

Acetonitrile serves primarily as a solvent in pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical synthesis, and analytical chemistry applications. It is extensively used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile phase component. The compound also finds application in the production of acetamidine, thiamine, and various pharmaceuticals. Additionally, it serves as a reaction medium for organic synthesis and extraction processes in industrial settings.

Acetonitrile requires careful handling due to its flammable and toxic properties. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to prevent vapor accumulation. Keep away from ignition sources, heat, and sparks. Avoid skin contact and inhalation, as the compound can cause acute toxicity and eye irritation.

Acetonitrile must be stored in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and ignition points. Keep containers in secondary containment to prevent spills. Store separately from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases to prevent incompatible reactions. Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C and ensure proper grounding of containers to prevent static electricity buildup during handling.

Acetonitrile exposure requires immediate action depending on the route of contact. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for 15-20 minutes. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Always consult a physician after any significant exposure.

Acetonitrile disposal must comply with local and national hazardous waste regulations. The compound cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams due to its flammable and toxic properties. Arrange disposal through licensed hazardous waste contractors who can handle flammable solvents. Small quantities may be recovered through distillation for reuse. Never pour acetonitrile down drains or into the environment, as it poses risks to water systems.

Acetonitrile is classified under ADR Class 3 (flammable liquids), Packing Group II, requiring specific transport regulations. Packages must bear appropriate hazard labels including GHS02 (flame) and GHS07 (exclamation mark) pictograms with the signal word 'Danger'. Transportation vehicles must comply with ADR requirements for flammable liquids, including proper placarding, emergency equipment, and driver certification for dangerous goods transport.

Acetonitrile is subject to various European regulations including CLP for classification and labeling, showing pictograms GHS02 and GHS07 with 'Danger' signal word. It falls under REACH registration requirements for chemical substances. The compound is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). Users must comply with workplace safety regulations and may face restrictions depending on specific applications and quantities used.

Acetonitrile is available through OYSI, a European distributor specializing in technical chemicals for industrial applications. OYSI provides reliable supply of quality acetonitrile with proper documentation including safety data sheets and certificates of analysis. As a European distributor, OYSI ensures compliance with local regulations and can support customers with technical guidance for safe handling and application requirements across various industries.