Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H3N and CAS number 75-05-8. It is a colorless liquid with a distinctive sweet ether-like odor. With a molecular weight of 41.05 g/mol, acetonitrile belongs to the nitrile family of compounds and is characterized by its high polarity and excellent solvating properties. It is classified as a flammable liquid and poses acute toxicity risks, requiring careful handling in industrial applications.

Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature with a characteristic sweet, ether-like odor. It has a low boiling point of 81.6°C and is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents. The compound exhibits high polarity due to its nitrile group, making it an excellent aprotic polar solvent. It has a relatively low viscosity and high dielectric constant, which contributes to its effectiveness in dissolving both polar and moderately nonpolar compounds.

Acetonitrile is primarily used as a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solvent in analytical laboratories due to its excellent solvating properties and UV transparency. It serves as a solvent in pharmaceutical manufacturing, particularly for extraction and purification processes. The compound is also utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Additionally, it functions as a reaction medium in organic synthesis and as an electrolyte component in lithium-ion batteries.

Acetonitrile must be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing due to its Acute Tox. 4 and Eye Irrit. 2 classifications. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to prevent vapor inhalation. Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames as it is classified as Flam. Liq. 2. Ensure proper grounding when transferring the liquid to prevent static electricity buildup.

Acetonitrile should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames due to its flammable nature (Flam. Liq. 2). Use tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials such as glass or stainless steel. Store separately from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases to prevent dangerous reactions. Maintain storage temperature below 25°C and ensure adequate fire suppression systems are available in the storage area.

Acetonitrile contact requires immediate action due to its acute toxicity classification. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention.

Acetonitrile must be disposed of as hazardous waste in accordance with local and national regulations. The solvent can be recovered through distillation in specialized facilities or incinerated at high temperatures in licensed hazardous waste treatment facilities. Small laboratory quantities should be collected in appropriate waste containers and disposed of through certified waste management companies. Never dispose of acetonitrile down drains or in regular waste streams due to its toxicity and environmental impact.

Acetonitrile is classified under ADR as Class 3 dangerous goods (flammable liquids) with Packing Group II, indicating moderate danger level. Transportation requires appropriate UN-specification packaging and proper labeling with GHS02 (flame) and GHS07 (exclamation mark) pictograms. Vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and drivers need ADR certification. The substance must be transported with proper documentation including safety data sheets and emergency response information.

Acetonitrile is subject to various European regulations including REACH registration requirements and CLP classification as Flam. Liq. 2, Acute Tox. 4, and Eye Irrit. 2 with the danger signal word. It is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). Users must comply with occupational exposure limits and workplace safety regulations. Industrial users may need permits for storage and handling, and must follow waste management regulations for proper disposal.

Acetonitrile is available through OYSI, a European distributor specializing in technical chemical products. OYSI provides acetonitrile in various grades and packaging sizes to meet different industrial and laboratory requirements across Europe. As a professional chemical distributor, OYSI ensures proper documentation, safety data sheets, and compliance with European regulations. Contact OYSI directly for specific product grades, packaging options, and availability in your region.