1,4-dioxane

1,4-dioxane is a cyclic ether with the molecular formula C4H8O2 and molecular weight of 88.11 g/mol. It is classified as a flammable liquid and carcinogenic substance under CLP regulation. This organic compound features a six-membered ring containing two oxygen atoms in opposite positions, making it a versatile solvent in various industrial applications.

1,4-dioxane is a colorless liquid with a faint sweet ether-like odor at room temperature. It is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents, making it an excellent aprotic solvent. The compound has a boiling point of approximately 101°C and exhibits high chemical stability under normal conditions.

1,4-dioxane is primarily used as a solvent in industrial processes, particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemical intermediates. It serves as a reaction medium for various chemical syntheses and is employed in analytical chemistry for extractions and purifications. Due to its carcinogenic classification, its use is increasingly restricted.

Safe handling of 1,4-dioxane requires appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection in poorly ventilated areas. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and inhalation of vapors due to its carcinogenic properties and potential for eye irritation.

1,4-dioxane must be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and ignition sources. As a flammable liquid Class 2, it should be kept away from oxidizing agents and stored in appropriate fire-resistant cabinets. Regular inspection for peroxide formation is recommended for long-term storage.

In case of skin contact with 1,4-dioxane, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. For eye contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air. Seek immediate medical attention in all cases due to the carcinogenic nature of the substance.

1,4-dioxane waste must be disposed of through licensed hazardous waste disposal companies in accordance with local and European waste regulations. It cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams due to its carcinogenic classification. Incineration at high temperatures in approved facilities is typically the preferred disposal method for this substance.

1,4-dioxane is classified under ADR as Class 3 (flammable liquids), Packing Group II, requiring appropriate hazardous goods packaging and labeling for transport. Vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and documentation. Transport must comply with ADR regulations including proper marking, placarding, and driver certification for dangerous goods transport.

1,4-dioxane is subject to strict regulations under REACH and CLP regulations due to its carcinogenic classification (Carc. 1B). Its use is restricted in cosmetic products and consumer applications within the EU. Industrial users must implement risk management measures and may require authorization for certain uses under REACH Article 56.

1,4-dioxane is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, a European distributor of technical chemicals. Due to its restricted nature and carcinogenic classification, purchase typically requires proper business justification and compliance with applicable regulations. Professional customers should ensure they have appropriate handling and safety measures in place before procurement.