Mercury

Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and CAS number 7439-97-6. It is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal at room temperature, making it unique among metals. With a molecular weight of 200.59 g/mol, mercury is highly toxic and poses significant health and environmental risks. It is classified as a reproductive toxicant, acutely toxic substance, and causes damage to organs through prolonged exposure.

Mercury is a dense, silvery-white liquid metal at room temperature with exceptional properties. It has a high density of 13.53 g/cm³ and remains liquid from -38.83°C to 356.73°C. Mercury has virtually no odor, is insoluble in water, and exhibits high surface tension. It readily forms amalgams with many metals and vaporizes at room temperature, producing invisible, odorless, and highly toxic vapors.

Mercury is used in specialized industrial applications including scientific instruments like thermometers and barometers, electrical equipment such as switches and relays, and in some chemical processes as a catalyst. It is utilized in mercury vapor lamps, dental amalgams (though being phased out), and certain analytical procedures. However, due to its high toxicity, many traditional uses have been restricted or banned in favor of safer alternatives.

Mercury requires extreme caution during handling due to its high toxicity classification (Acute Tox. 2, STOT RE 1). Essential safety measures include wearing appropriate PPE such as chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection. Work must be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to prevent vapor inhalation. Avoid skin contact, ensure proper spill containment procedures are available, and implement regular health monitoring for exposed personnel.

Mercury must be stored in tightly sealed, chemically compatible containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and incompatible materials. Storage areas should have spill containment systems and be equipped with vapor monitoring. Keep containers upright and properly labeled with GHS pictograms (GHS06, GHS08, GHS09). Restrict access to authorized personnel only and maintain inventory records. Separate from oxidizing agents, acids, and metals that form amalgams.

Mercury exposure requires immediate emergency response due to its acute toxicity. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly with soap and water. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately and seek medical attention. For eye contact, flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Never induce vomiting if ingested. Seek immediate medical attention in all cases and inform medical personnel of mercury exposure for appropriate treatment.

Mercury disposal requires specialized hazardous waste management due to its high toxicity and environmental persistence (Aquatic Acute 1, Aquatic Chronic 1). Never dispose of mercury in regular waste, drains, or the environment. Contact licensed hazardous waste disposal companies for proper collection and treatment. Follow local and EU regulations for hazardous waste documentation. Mercury can often be recovered and recycled through specialized facilities, making this the preferred disposal method.

Mercury is classified as ADR Class 8 (corrosive substances), Packing Group III for transportation purposes. Transport requires proper packaging in UN-approved containers with appropriate labeling and documentation. Vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and drivers need ADR certification. Shipments require transport documents specifying the hazard class and emergency response information. Ensure compliance with international dangerous goods regulations for safe transport across European borders.

Mercury is heavily regulated under multiple European frameworks due to its severe health and environmental hazards. It falls under REACH regulation requiring registration and authorization for specific uses. The EU Mercury Regulation (2017/852) restricts its use, export, and import. Classification under CLP requires hazard labeling with danger signal word and specific pictograms (GHS06, GHS08, GHS09). Many applications are prohibited or require special permits due to its reproductive toxicity and environmental persistence.

Mercury is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, including OYSI, which supplies various chemical products to European markets. Due to strict regulatory requirements and safety classifications (Repr. 1B, Acute Tox. 2), purchases typically require proper licensing, end-use declarations, and compliance documentation. Contact authorized distributors for availability, regulatory requirements, and proper handling guidance. Ensure your intended use complies with current EU mercury regulations before purchasing.