Decanoic acid

Decanoic acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with the molecular formula C10H20O2 and CAS number 334-48-5. Also known as capric acid, it naturally occurs in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and goat milk. This white crystalline solid has a molecular weight of 172.26 g/mol and belongs to the carboxylic acid family. It is classified as a skin and eye irritant with chronic aquatic toxicity properties.

Decanoic acid appears as white crystalline flakes or powder at room temperature with a characteristic rancid or goat-like odor. It has a melting point of approximately 31-32°C and boiling point of 270°C. The compound is poorly soluble in water but readily dissolves in alcohols, ethers, and other organic solvents. It exhibits typical carboxylic acid properties including the ability to form salts and esters.

Decanoic acid serves as a key intermediate in chemical synthesis, particularly for producing esters used in lubricants, plasticizers, and cosmetic formulations. It is widely used in the manufacture of surfactants, detergents, and emulsifying agents. The compound also finds applications in pharmaceutical synthesis, flavoring agents, and as a precursor for various industrial chemicals including metalworking fluids and polymer additives.

Decanoic acid requires careful handling due to its skin and eye irritant properties (GHS07 pictogram, Warning signal word). Essential protective equipment includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Work in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhalation of dust or vapors. Avoid contact with eyes and skin, and ensure good personal hygiene practices including thorough handwashing after handling.

Decanoic acid should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Store away from strong oxidizing agents and bases to prevent incompatible reactions. Maintain storage temperatures below the melting point to preserve the solid form and ensure proper inventory rotation using first-in, first-out principles.

Immediate skin contact with decanoic acid requires thorough washing with soap and plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. For eye contact, rinse immediately with clean water for 15-20 minutes and seek medical attention. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately. In case of ingestion, rinse mouth and seek medical advice. Do not induce vomiting and consult a physician if symptoms persist.

Decanoic acid disposal must comply with local and national waste regulations as it poses chronic aquatic toxicity (Aquatic Chronic 3). Small quantities can often be neutralized with appropriate bases under controlled conditions by qualified personnel. Larger amounts should be collected for disposal through licensed waste management companies. Never discharge directly into sewers, waterways, or soil. Always consult local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements.

Decanoic acid transport does not require specific ADR dangerous goods classification for standard commercial quantities, simplifying logistics procedures. However, proper packaging in sealed, leak-proof containers is essential to prevent spillage and contamination. Transport vehicles should be clean, dry, and protected from extreme temperatures. Ensure proper labeling with substance identification and hazard information according to CLP regulation requirements for safe handling throughout the supply chain.

Decanoic acid is regulated under European CLP regulation with mandatory hazard classification as Skin Irritant 2, Eye Irritant 2, and Aquatic Chronic 3. It requires appropriate labeling with GHS07 pictogram and Warning signal word. The substance is registered under REACH regulation but is not listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). Standard occupational exposure limits and safety data sheet requirements apply for commercial use.

Decanoic acid is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial customers across the continent. OYSI provides high-quality decanoic acid with complete documentation including safety data sheets and certificates of analysis. As an established chemical distributor, OYSI ensures reliable supply, regulatory compliance, and technical support for various industrial applications throughout European markets.