Benzoyl chloride

Benzoyl chloride is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H5ClO and CAS number 98-88-4. It belongs to the acyl chloride family and has a molecular weight of 140.56 g/mol. This substance is classified as corrosive and toxic, requiring careful handling due to its reactive nature. It appears as a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent, irritating odor and readily hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture.

Benzoyl chloride is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a sharp, pungent odor. It has a boiling point of approximately 197°C and a density of about 1.21 g/cm³. The compound is highly reactive with water, undergoing rapid hydrolysis to form benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid. It is soluble in organic solvents like benzene and ether but reacts violently with water and alcohols.

Benzoyl chloride is primarily used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It serves as a benzoylating agent in the production of benzoyl peroxide, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and perfumes. The compound is also utilized in the manufacture of pesticides and as a chemical intermediate for producing various benzoyl derivatives. Its reactive nature makes it valuable for acylation reactions in fine chemical synthesis.

Benzoyl chloride requires strict safety measures due to its corrosive and toxic properties. Essential PPE includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, face shield, and protective clothing. Work must be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to prevent inhalation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Keep away from water, moisture, and incompatible materials. Emergency shower and eyewash stations should be readily accessible.

Benzoyl chloride must be stored in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep containers away from water, moisture, alcohols, and bases due to violent reactions. Storage areas should be equipped with appropriate spill containment measures and emergency equipment. Maintain temperatures below 25°C and ensure containers are properly labeled according to GHS requirements.

Benzoyl chloride exposure requires immediate action due to its corrosive nature. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush affected area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, rinse continuously with water and seek immediate medical attention. If inhaled, move victim to fresh air and provide respiratory support if needed. Seek medical attention immediately for all exposure incidents.

Benzoyl chloride disposal must comply with local and European waste regulations as hazardous chemical waste. The substance cannot be disposed of in regular drains or municipal waste systems. Disposal should be performed by licensed hazardous waste contractors who can neutralize or incinerate the material safely. Small quantities may be carefully hydrolyzed under controlled conditions by qualified personnel, but professional disposal is recommended for most situations.

Benzoyl chloride is classified under ADR as Class 8 (corrosive substances), Packing Group II, requiring specific transport regulations. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with proper hazard labels and documentation. Transport vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and drivers need ADR certification. The substance requires proper segregation from incompatible materials and adherence to quantity limitations for different transport categories.

Benzoyl chloride is subject to various European regulations including REACH registration requirements and CLP classification obligations. It is not currently listed as a SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern) under REACH. The substance must be classified with GHS pictograms GHS05 and GHS07, danger signal word, and appropriate hazard statements. Users must comply with occupational exposure limits and may require authorization depending on application and quantity used.

Benzoyl chloride is available through specialized chemical distributors across Europe, including OYSI, a European distributor of technical chemicals. When purchasing, ensure the supplier provides proper documentation including safety data sheets, certificates of analysis, and regulatory compliance information. Due to its hazardous nature and regulatory requirements, benzoyl chloride should only be purchased from reputable suppliers who can guarantee product quality and regulatory compliance.