4-nitrophenol

4-nitrophenol is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5NO3 and CAS number 100-02-7. It belongs to the nitrophenol family, characterized by a phenol ring with a nitro group (-NO2) attached at the para position. With a molecular weight of 139.11 g/mol, this compound is classified as moderately hazardous with acute toxicity and specific target organ toxicity properties. It appears as yellow crystalline solid at room temperature.

4-nitrophenol is a yellow crystalline solid at room temperature with a characteristic phenolic odor. It has a melting point of approximately 114°C and is moderately soluble in water, with higher solubility in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone. The compound exhibits acidic properties due to its phenolic hydroxyl group, making it more acidic than regular phenol. It is stable under normal conditions but may decompose under extreme heat or in the presence of strong bases.

4-nitrophenol is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides. It serves as a precursor for producing paracetamol (acetaminophen) and other analgesic compounds. In the chemical industry, it's utilized for manufacturing rubber chemicals, antioxidants, and corrosion inhibitors. Additionally, it finds applications in analytical chemistry as a pH indicator and in biochemical assays for enzyme activity measurements, particularly in ELISA protocols and spectrophotometric analyses.

4-nitrophenol requires careful handling with appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to avoid inhalation exposure. Avoid skin and eye contact as it can cause irritation and has acute toxicity properties (Acute Tox. 4). Use non-sparking tools and avoid creating dust clouds. Implement proper hygiene measures including thorough handwashing after handling and never eat, drink, or smoke in work areas.

4-nitrophenol should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and reducing agents. Store below 25°C in original containers with proper labeling. Ensure storage areas have appropriate spill containment measures and are accessible only to trained personnel. Regularly inspect containers for signs of deterioration or leakage and maintain proper inventory records.

In case of skin contact with 4-nitrophenol, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for 15-20 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Always consult a physician and provide the safety data sheet.

4-nitrophenol waste must be disposed of according to local, national, and international regulations as hazardous waste. Contact licensed hazardous waste disposal companies for proper treatment and disposal. Small laboratory quantities may be neutralized and treated according to established protocols, but this should only be done by trained personnel. Never dispose of this chemical down drains or in regular trash. Maintain proper documentation of all disposal activities and ensure containers are properly labeled before collection by waste management services.

4-nitrophenol is classified under ADR as Class 6.1 (toxic substances), Packing Group III, indicating moderate toxicity during transport. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with proper hazard labels and documentation. Transport vehicles must carry appropriate emergency response information and drivers need specialized training for hazardous materials. Ensure packages are secured to prevent damage during transit and comply with quantity limitations for different transport categories. Always check current ADR regulations before shipping.

4-nitrophenol is subject to various chemical regulations including REACH registration in Europe, where it must be registered for manufacture or import above certain tonnages. Under CLP regulation, it carries warning pictograms GHS07 and GHS08 with specific hazard classifications. It is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). Companies must comply with occupational exposure limits, proper labeling requirements, and safety data sheet provisions. Additional restrictions may apply depending on specific uses and local regulations.

4-nitrophenol is available through OYSI, a trusted European distributor of industrial chemicals serving various sectors across Europe. OYSI provides quality-assured 4-nitrophenol with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. As a specialized chemical distributor, OYSI ensures reliable supply chains and technical support for industrial customers. Contact OYSI directly for specific grade requirements, packaging options, and delivery arrangements. They can also provide guidance on regulatory compliance and safe handling procedures for your specific applications.