4-nitrophenol

4-nitrophenol is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5NO3 and CAS number 100-02-7. It belongs to the nitrophenol family, characterized by a phenol ring substituted with a nitro group in the para position. This substance has a molecular weight of 139.11 g/mol and is classified as hazardous with acute toxicity properties and potential for causing specific target organ toxicity after repeated exposure.

4-nitrophenol appears as yellow crystalline solid at room temperature with a characteristic phenolic odor. It has moderate solubility in water and good solubility in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone. The compound exhibits acidic properties due to its phenolic hydroxyl group, with the nitro group enhancing its acidity compared to unsubstituted phenol. It has a melting point around 114°C and demonstrates stability under normal storage conditions.

4-nitrophenol serves primarily as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and manufacturing processes. It is commonly used in the production of dyes, pigments, and pharmaceutical compounds. The substance also finds application in analytical chemistry as a reagent and in biochemical assays. Additionally, it serves as a precursor for various nitroaniline derivatives and other organic compounds in fine chemical manufacturing and research applications.

4-nitrophenol requires careful handling with appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to prevent inhalation exposure. Avoid direct skin and eye contact, and ensure no ingestion occurs. The substance carries GHS07 and GHS08 pictograms indicating health hazards, requiring implementation of proper safety protocols and emergency procedures during handling.

4-nitrophenol should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep the substance away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, reducing agents, and alkalis. Storage areas should be equipped with appropriate spill containment measures and fire protection systems. Ensure containers are properly labeled and access is restricted to trained personnel only.

Immediate first aid measures for 4-nitrophenol exposure include removing contaminated clothing and flushing affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention immediately. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and monitor breathing. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical care. Always consult a physician after any significant exposure incident.

4-nitrophenol disposal must comply with local and national hazardous waste regulations as it is classified as toxic waste. The substance should be collected in appropriate containers and handed over to licensed waste disposal companies for proper treatment or incineration at high temperatures. Never dispose of this chemical down drains or in regular waste streams. Consult local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements and approved waste management facilities.

4-nitrophenol is classified under ADR Class 6.1 (toxic substances) Packing Group III for transportation purposes. This classification requires specific packaging, labeling, and documentation according to dangerous goods regulations. Vehicles must display appropriate hazard placards, and drivers need ADR certification. Shipments must include proper shipping names, UN numbers, and safety data sheets. Only authorized carriers experienced in hazardous materials transport should handle shipments.

4-nitrophenol is subject to various chemical regulations including REACH registration requirements in the European Union and CLP classification for hazard communication. The substance is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) but must comply with occupational exposure limits and workplace safety regulations. Manufacturers and importers must provide safety data sheets and ensure proper classification according to GHS standards and local chemical safety legislation.

4-nitrophenol is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals and laboratory reagents. As an established chemical supplier, OYSI can provide this substance with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance for industrial and research applications. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, packaging options, and delivery throughout Europe while ensuring all regulatory requirements are met for your specific application.