4-aminophenol

4-aminophenol is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H7NO and a molecular weight of 109.13 g/mol. It belongs to the aminophenol family, featuring both amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to a benzene ring. This white to light pink crystalline solid is classified as a mutagenic substance (Category 2) and exhibits acute toxicity. It serves as an important intermediate in pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing processes.

4-aminophenol appears as white to light pink crystals or powder that may darken upon exposure to air and light. It has a molecular weight of 109.13 g/mol and is moderately soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The compound exhibits weak basic properties due to its amino group and acidic properties from its phenolic hydroxyl group. It melts at approximately 186°C and is sensitive to oxidation, which can cause discoloration.

4-aminophenol serves primarily as an intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis, particularly in the production of paracetamol (acetaminophen), one of the world's most common pain relievers. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, photographic developers, and other pharmaceutical compounds. Additionally, it finds applications in hair dye formulations and as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis processes within the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.

4-aminophenol requires careful handling due to its mutagenic and acute toxic properties (GHS07, GHS08 pictograms). Essential protective equipment includes nitrile gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection to prevent inhalation. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to minimize exposure. Avoid skin and eye contact, and prevent dust formation. Wash hands thoroughly after handling and ensure emergency shower and eyewash stations are accessible in the work area.

4-aminophenol must be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers protected from air and moisture to prevent oxidation and discoloration. Store away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials. Maintain storage temperature below 25°C and ensure proper labeling with hazard warnings. Use appropriate secondary containment and implement inventory rotation to minimize degradation over time.

Skin contact with 4-aminophenol requires immediate removal of contaminated clothing and thorough washing of affected areas with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for 15-20 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Always consult a physician after any significant exposure.

4-aminophenol disposal must comply with local environmental regulations due to its aquatic toxicity classification (GHS09). The substance should be collected and disposed of through licensed hazardous waste contractors. Do not discharge into sewers, waterways, or soil. Small laboratory quantities may require special collection procedures. Contaminated packaging should be treated as hazardous waste. Contact local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements and approved waste management facilities in your region.

4-aminophenol is classified as ADR Class 6.1 (toxic substances), Packing Group III for transportation purposes. It must be packaged in appropriate UN-specification containers with proper hazard labels and documentation. Transport vehicles require placarding according to dangerous goods regulations. Drivers need ADR certification for Class 6.1 substances. Ensure proper segregation from incompatible materials during transport and maintain appropriate temperature conditions to prevent degradation.

4-aminophenol is regulated under various European chemical legislations including REACH and CLP regulations. It carries a "Warning" signal word with specific hazard classifications for mutagenicity, acute toxicity, and aquatic toxicity. While not currently listed as an SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern), its mutagenic properties subject it to strict handling and reporting requirements. Users must comply with workplace exposure limits and safety data sheet requirements under occupational health regulations.

4-aminophenol is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals. OYSI provides this pharmaceutical intermediate to qualified industrial customers across Europe, ensuring compliance with all relevant safety and regulatory requirements. As a technical chemical with specific hazard classifications, purchase is typically restricted to professional users with appropriate handling facilities and expertise. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and regulatory documentation requirements.