2,3-dinitrophenol

2,3-dinitrophenol is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H4N2O5 and CAS number 25550-58-7. This nitrophenol derivative contains two nitro groups attached to a phenol ring at positions 2 and 3. With a molecular weight of 184.11 g/mol, it belongs to the class of dinitrophenols, which are known for their high toxicity and potential explosive properties. The compound is classified as highly hazardous with multiple health and environmental warnings.

2,3-dinitrophenol is typically a yellow to orange crystalline solid at room temperature. Like other dinitrophenols, it exhibits moderate solubility in water and good solubility in organic solvents such as alcohol and ether. The compound is sensitive to heat, shock, and friction due to its nitro groups, making it potentially explosive under certain conditions. It has a characteristic phenolic odor and can sublime at elevated temperatures.

2,3-dinitrophenol is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis and research applications. It serves as a precursor for manufacturing dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds. In laboratory settings, it may be used for analytical purposes and chemical research. Due to its high toxicity and hazardous properties, its industrial applications are limited and strictly regulated. The compound requires specialized handling procedures and is typically used only by qualified professionals in controlled environments.

2,3-dinitrophenol must be handled with extreme caution due to its Acute Toxicity 3 classification and systemic toxicity effects. Essential personal protective equipment includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and inhalation of dust or vapors. Use non-sparking tools and avoid friction, impact, or heat sources that could trigger explosive decomposition.

2,3-dinitrophenol must be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and incompatible materials. Keep containers tightly sealed and in original packaging. Store separately from strong bases, reducing agents, and combustible materials. The storage area should be well-ventilated and equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems. Due to its explosive potential, limit quantities stored and follow local regulations for explosive materials storage.

Immediate action is required due to the compound's high acute toxicity. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for 15-20 minutes. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Always consult a physician or poison control center after any exposure incident.

2,3-dinitrophenol disposal must comply with local and international hazardous waste regulations due to its toxicity and explosive properties. The compound cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams and requires specialized treatment by licensed hazardous waste contractors. Incineration at high temperatures in approved facilities is typically required. Small laboratory quantities may need neutralization before disposal. Always consult local environmental authorities and follow waste classification codes for proper disposal procedures.

2,3-dinitrophenol is classified under ADR Class 1 (explosives), requiring specialized packaging and transport procedures. Shipments must use approved explosive-rated containers with proper labeling including GHS06, GHS08, and GHS09 pictograms with 'Danger' signal word. Transport requires certified drivers and vehicles equipped for hazardous materials. Documentation must include proper shipping names, hazard classes, and emergency response information. Only authorized carriers experienced with explosive materials should handle transportation.

2,3-dinitrophenol is subject to extensive regulations under REACH, CLP, and explosive materials legislation. While not currently listed as an SVHC substance, its classification as Acute Tox. 3 and STOT RE 2 requires comprehensive safety data sheets and risk assessments. The compound falls under explosive materials regulations due to its ADR Class 1 classification. Import, handling, and use may require special permits and licenses depending on jurisdiction and quantities involved.

2,3-dinitrophenol is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, including OYSI, which supplies high-quality laboratory and industrial chemicals. Due to the compound's hazardous classification and regulatory requirements, purchases typically require proper documentation, end-use declarations, and compliance verification. OYSI can provide technical support, safety data sheets, and regulatory guidance for European customers. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and regulatory compliance requirements for your specific application.