2-hydroxybenzoic acid

2-hydroxybenzoic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H6O3 and CAS number 69-72-7. Also known as salicylic acid, it features a benzene ring with both carboxylic acid and hydroxyl functional groups in ortho position. This white crystalline solid has a molecular weight of 138.12 g/mol and is classified as a hazardous substance with reproductive toxicity, acute toxicity, and eye damage properties.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid appears as white crystalline powder or needles at room temperature. It has a characteristic phenolic odor and is moderately soluble in water, with solubility increasing significantly with temperature. The compound is readily soluble in alcohol and ether. It has a melting point around 159°C and sublimes when heated, making it volatile at elevated temperatures.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid serves multiple industrial and commercial purposes. It is primarily used in pharmaceutical manufacturing as an intermediate for aspirin production and other medicines. The compound also functions as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products, acts as a chemical intermediate in dye synthesis, and serves as an analytical reagent in laboratory applications and metal complexation processes.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid requires careful handling due to its hazardous classification. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective clothing. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume extraction to avoid inhalation. Prevent skin and eye contact as the substance can cause severe eye damage and has reproductive toxicity properties. Keep away from heat sources and incompatible materials.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid should be stored in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep away from strong bases, oxidizing agents, and metals that could cause unwanted reactions. Store below 25°C if possible and ensure containers are properly labeled. Separate from food, beverages, and animal feed. Regular inspection of storage containers is recommended to check for deterioration.

Immediate action is required upon contact with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash affected area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention urgently due to potential eye damage. If inhaled, move to fresh air and seek medical advice if symptoms persist.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid disposal must comply with local and national hazardous waste regulations. The substance cannot be disposed of with regular waste due to its hazardous classification. Contact licensed waste disposal companies for proper treatment, which may include incineration at high temperatures in specialized facilities. Small laboratory quantities may require neutralization before disposal, but always consult local environmental authorities for specific requirements.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid transport follows general dangerous goods regulations despite not having a specific ADR classification. Use appropriate packaging that prevents leakage and damage during transit. Ensure proper labeling with GHS pictograms (GHS05, GHS07, GHS08) and hazard information. Transport vehicles should be properly ventilated and drivers informed about the material's hazardous properties. Follow carrier-specific requirements for chemical transport documentation.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid is subject to European REACH regulation and must be registered for commercial use. Under CLP regulation, it requires hazard classification as Reproductive toxicity category 2, Acute toxicity category 4, and Eye damage category 1. The substance is not currently listed as SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern). Users must comply with workplace exposure limits and safety data sheet requirements for handling and use.

2-hydroxybenzoic acid is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals. OYSI supplies this compound to industrial customers, research institutions, and professional users across Europe with proper documentation and safety data sheets. As a regulated hazardous substance, purchase requires compliance with local regulations and may involve customer qualification processes to ensure safe handling and appropriate end-use applications.