1,4-dinitrobenzene

1,4-dinitrobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H4N2O4 and CAS number 100-25-4. It consists of a benzene ring substituted with two nitro groups (-NO2) in para positions (1,4-positions). This pale yellow crystalline solid has a molecular weight of 168.11 g/mol and serves as an important intermediate in chemical synthesis, particularly in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds.

1,4-dinitrobenzene appears as pale yellow crystalline needles or powder at room temperature. It has a melting point of approximately 173-174°C and is sparingly soluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, and benzene. The compound has a characteristic mild aromatic odor and exhibits moderate volatility. Its density is around 1.625 g/cm³, and it demonstrates typical nitroaromatic compound properties including electron-withdrawing effects from the nitro groups.

1,4-dinitrobenzene serves primarily as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis processes. It is extensively used in the manufacture of azo dyes, particularly yellow and orange colorants for textiles and industrial applications. The compound also functions as a precursor in pharmaceutical synthesis, rubber chemicals production, and as a building block for various specialty chemicals. Additionally, it finds applications in analytical chemistry as a standard reference material and in research laboratories for organic synthesis studies.

1,4-dinitrobenzene requires careful handling with appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to minimize inhalation exposure. Avoid skin and eye contact, and prevent dust formation during handling. Use non-sparking tools and equipment, as nitroaromatic compounds can be sensitive to friction and impact. Always wash hands thoroughly after handling and ensure emergency eyewash and shower facilities are readily accessible.

1,4-dinitrobenzene should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, ignition sources, and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed in original packaging and store separately from reducing agents, metals, and strong bases which may cause incompatible reactions. Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C and ensure adequate separation distances from combustible materials. Storage areas should be equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems and spill containment measures to prevent environmental contamination.

Skin contact with 1,4-dinitrobenzene requires immediate removal of contaminated clothing and thorough washing with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately and monitor breathing. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. For all exposure routes, obtain medical advice promptly and provide the safety data sheet to healthcare personnel.

1,4-dinitrobenzene disposal must comply with local, national, and international hazardous waste regulations. The compound should be collected and disposed of through licensed hazardous waste contractors specializing in chemical waste treatment. Incineration at high temperatures in approved facilities is typically the preferred disposal method. Never dispose of this chemical through regular waste streams, sewers, or water bodies. Maintain proper documentation of waste disposal activities and ensure compliance with waste classification requirements under applicable environmental legislation.

1,4-dinitrobenzene is classified under ADR as Class 6.1 (Toxic substances), Packing Group II, indicating moderate toxicity for transport purposes. It requires appropriate hazardous goods packaging, labeling, and documentation according to dangerous goods regulations. Shipments must be accompanied by proper transport documents, emergency response information, and handled by trained personnel. Vehicles must display appropriate hazard placards and follow designated routing restrictions. Packaging must meet UN specification requirements and be properly marked and labeled for toxic substances.

1,4-dinitrobenzene falls under various chemical regulations including REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of Chemicals) in Europe, requiring registration for commercial use. It is subject to CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) regulation for hazard communication. The compound is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) under REACH. However, users must comply with occupational health and safety regulations, environmental protection laws, and transport regulations. Industrial users should verify specific national restrictions and workplace exposure limits.

1,4-dinitrobenzene is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial and research customers across Europe. OYSI provides reliable supply chains for chemical intermediates and specialty compounds with proper regulatory compliance and technical support. As a professional chemical distributor, OYSI ensures appropriate packaging, documentation, and logistics for hazardous materials. Contact OYSI directly for specific product specifications, availability, and technical assistance for your 1,4-dinitrobenzene requirements in European markets.