Sodium

Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal with the chemical formula Na and CAS number 7440-23-5. It has a molecular weight of 22.99 g/mol and belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table. This soft, silvery-white metal is extremely reactive, particularly with water, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. Due to its high reactivity, sodium is never found free in nature but occurs in numerous compounds like sodium chloride (salt).

Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal that can be cut with a knife at room temperature. It has a low melting point of 97.8°C and a density of 0.97 g/cm³, making it less dense than water. Sodium reacts violently with water, producing hydrogen gas and heat. It tarnishes rapidly in air, forming a white oxide coating. The metal is highly conductive and must be stored under inert conditions to prevent oxidation.

Sodium is primarily used in industrial applications including the production of sodium compounds, metal refining, and as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. It serves as a coolant in nuclear reactors due to its excellent heat transfer properties. Sodium is also used in the manufacture of sodium vapor lamps, providing efficient yellow lighting. Additionally, it plays a role in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals through reduction reactions.

Sodium requires extreme caution during handling due to its Water-react. 1 and Skin Corr. 1B classifications. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Handle only in dry, inert atmospheres to prevent violent reactions with moisture. Use proper ventilation and have Class D fire extinguishers available. Never use water on sodium fires as this will intensify the reaction and spread the fire.

Sodium must be stored under dry, inert conditions, typically submerged in mineral oil or under an inert gas atmosphere like nitrogen or argon. Storage areas should be cool, dry, and well-ventilated, away from water sources and oxidizing materials. Containers must be tightly sealed and made of compatible materials. Keep separated from acids, alcohols, and halogenated compounds. Regular inspection for container integrity is essential to prevent exposure to moisture.

Sodium contact requires immediate action due to its corrosive nature. For skin contact, immediately brush off any solid particles without using water, then flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing carefully. For eye contact, rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Never use water on sodium fires - use Class D fire extinguishing agents only.

Sodium disposal requires specialized procedures due to its reactive nature and cannot be disposed of as regular waste. Small quantities should be carefully reacted with alcohols like ethanol or isopropanol under controlled conditions by trained personnel. Large quantities require professional hazardous waste disposal services. Never dispose of sodium in water systems or regular trash. Contact licensed waste management companies experienced in handling reactive metals for proper disposal according to local environmental regulations.

Sodium is classified as ADR Class 4.3 (substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases), Packing Group I, indicating maximum danger level. It must be transported in UN-approved packaging designed for water-reactive substances, typically sealed under inert gas or oil. Vehicles must display appropriate hazard placards and carry emergency response information. Transport is restricted on certain routes and requires specialized handling procedures and trained personnel familiar with dangerous goods regulations.

Sodium is subject to extensive regulations under multiple frameworks. Under CLP regulation, it's classified as Water-react. 1 and Skin Corr. 1B with danger signal word and GHS02/GHS05 pictograms. It falls under REACH registration requirements for importers and manufacturers. Transport is governed by ADR/RID dangerous goods regulations as Class 4.3 material. While not currently listed as SVHC, handlers must comply with workplace safety regulations and proper risk assessments.

Sodium is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, including OYSI, which supplies high-quality sodium to industrial customers across European markets. Due to its hazardous nature and regulatory requirements, sodium is typically sold only to qualified industrial users with appropriate handling capabilities. Purchases require compliance with REACH registration, proper storage facilities, and trained personnel. Contact established chemical distributors for availability, specifications, and regulatory documentation required for your specific application.