Sodium

Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal with the chemical formula Na and CAS number 7440-23-5. This soft, silvery-white metallic element has a molecular weight of 22.99 g/mol and belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table. Sodium is classified as a water-reactive substance (Water-react. 1) and skin corrosive material (Skin Corr. 1B), requiring careful handling due to its vigorous reaction with water and potential to cause severe burns.

Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal that can be cut with a knife at room temperature. It has a low melting point of 97.8°C and readily oxidizes in air, forming a dull oxide layer. Sodium reacts violently with water, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide, which generates significant heat. It is highly soluble in liquid ammonia and mercury, but must be stored under inert atmospheres to prevent oxidation and moisture contact.

Sodium is primarily used in industrial applications including the production of sodium compounds like sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. It serves as a reducing agent in metallurgy for extracting metals like titanium and zirconium. Sodium is also used in sodium vapor lamps for street lighting, as a coolant in nuclear reactors, and in the manufacture of organic chemicals. Additionally, it plays a role in battery technology and pharmaceutical synthesis.

Sodium must be handled with extreme caution using appropriate personal protective equipment including safety goggles, face shields, and chemical-resistant gloves. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas away from water and moisture sources. Fire extinguishing materials like water, foam, or carbon dioxide should never be used on sodium fires - only dry powder extinguishers are appropriate. Emergency shower and eyewash stations should be readily accessible during handling operations.

Sodium must be stored under inert atmospheres such as argon or nitrogen, typically immersed in mineral oil or kerosene to prevent contact with air and moisture. Storage areas should be cool, dry, and well-ventilated, away from water sources, acids, and oxidizing materials. Containers must be tightly sealed and made of compatible materials. Storage facilities should be equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems and spill containment measures for emergency situations.

Immediate action is critical in case of sodium contact. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, then seek immediate medical attention. In case of eye contact, rinse continuously with water and get emergency medical care. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Never use water on sodium fires - evacuate the area and contact emergency services immediately.

Sodium disposal must comply with local, national, and European waste regulations as hazardous waste. Small quantities should be neutralized carefully by trained professionals using appropriate alcohols under controlled conditions, never with water. Larger quantities require specialized waste disposal companies licensed to handle water-reactive materials. Disposal must follow ADR transportation requirements and proper documentation. Never dispose of sodium through regular waste streams or sewage systems.

Sodium is classified under ADR Class 4.3 (substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases) with Packing Group I, indicating high danger. Transportation requires specialized packaging that prevents water contact and proper labeling with GHS02 and GHS05 pictograms. Vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and documentation. Only authorized carriers trained in hazardous materials transport should handle sodium shipments, following strict ADR regulations throughout the transport chain.

Sodium is subject to comprehensive European regulations including REACH registration requirements and CLP classification standards. It carries the signal word 'Danger' with specific hazard pictograms (GHS02, GHS05) indicating flammable and corrosive properties. While not listed as an SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern), sodium falls under strict handling, storage, and transport regulations. Industrial users must comply with occupational safety standards and maintain proper safety data sheets for regulatory compliance.

Sodium is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial customers across Europe. As a professional chemical supplier, OYSI provides high-quality sodium with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. Their technical expertise ensures customers receive appropriate guidance for safe handling and storage. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and delivery options tailored to your specific industrial requirements and location within Europe.