Potassium

Potassium is a highly reactive alkali metal with the chemical symbol K and CAS number 7440-09-7. This soft, silvery-white metallic element has a molecular weight of 39.0983 g/mol and belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table. Potassium is classified as a water-reactive substance (Water-react. 1) and skin corrosive material (Skin Corr. 1B), requiring careful handling due to its extreme reactivity with water and moisture.

Potassium is a soft, silvery-white metal that can be cut with a knife at room temperature. It has a low melting point of 63.5°C and readily oxidizes in air, forming a dull oxide layer. The metal is extremely reactive with water, producing hydrogen gas and potassium hydroxide in a violent exothermic reaction. It must be stored under inert conditions to prevent oxidation and moisture contact.

Potassium metal is primarily used in specialized industrial applications including organic synthesis as a reducing agent, production of potassium compounds, and in certain alloy formations. It serves as a reagent in pharmaceutical manufacturing and chemical research. Due to its high reactivity, metallic potassium is mainly used in controlled laboratory and industrial settings where its unique reducing properties are specifically required for synthetic processes.

Potassium requires extreme caution during handling due to its water-reactive and corrosive properties. Essential PPE includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work must be conducted in a dry, inert atmosphere using nitrogen or argon gas. Never allow contact with water or moisture. Use appropriate tools to handle the metal and ensure adequate ventilation. Emergency shower and eyewash stations should be readily accessible.

Potassium must be stored under mineral oil or in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) in tightly sealed containers to prevent contact with air and moisture. Storage areas should be cool, dry, and well-ventilated. The substance is incompatible with water, alcohols, acids, and oxidizing agents. Storage containers should be made of appropriate materials and clearly labeled with hazard warnings according to GHS requirements.

Potassium contact requires immediate action due to its corrosive nature. For skin contact, immediately brush off any solid particles (do not use water initially), then flush with large amounts of water and seek medical attention. For eye contact, flush immediately with water for at least 15 minutes and get medical help. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical assistance. Never use water on potassium fires.

Potassium disposal must follow strict hazardous waste regulations and should only be performed by qualified personnel. Small quantities can be carefully reacted with appropriate alcohols under controlled conditions to neutralize reactivity. Larger amounts require specialized waste disposal companies licensed for hazardous materials. Never dispose of potassium in regular waste streams or pour down drains. Contact local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements in your region.

Potassium is classified under ADR Class 4.3 (substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases), Packing Group I, indicating highest danger level. It requires specialized packaging that prevents moisture ingress and appropriate labeling with GHS02 (flame) and GHS05 (corrosion) pictogrammes. Transportation must comply with dangerous goods regulations, using approved containers and documentation. Only qualified carriers experienced in hazardous materials should handle potassium shipments.

Potassium is regulated under multiple European frameworks including CLP Regulation for classification and labeling, requiring 'Danger' signal word and specific hazard pictogrammes. REACH registration applies for commercial use. Transport falls under ADR dangerous goods regulations (Class 4.3). While not currently listed as an SVHC substance, its water-reactive and corrosive properties subject it to strict occupational safety requirements and waste disposal regulations across EU member states.

Potassium metal is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, a European supplier of technical chemicals. Due to its hazardous nature and regulatory requirements, potassium is typically sold only to qualified industrial users, research institutions, and laboratories with appropriate handling capabilities. Purchasers must demonstrate proper storage facilities, safety protocols, and regulatory compliance. Contact OYSI for availability, technical specifications, and regulatory documentation for your specific application requirements.