Lithium

Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal and the lightest metal in the periodic table. With the chemical symbol Li and atomic number 3, it has a molecular weight of only 7 g/mol. This highly reactive element is classified as water-reactive (class 1) and skin corrosive (1B), making it a dangerous substance requiring careful handling. Lithium naturally occurs in small quantities and is essential for various industrial applications due to its unique electrochemical properties.

Lithium is a soft, silvery-white metal that can be cut with a knife and has a metallic luster when freshly cut. It has the lowest density of all metals (0.534 g/cm³) and floats on water. The metal reacts vigorously with water, producing lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It has a melting point of 180.5°C and boiling point of 1342°C. Lithium is highly reactive with moisture and air, forming a dark oxide coating when exposed.

Lithium is primarily used in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. It serves as a crucial component in pharmaceutical applications, particularly in treating bipolar disorder. Industrial uses include ceramics and glass production, where it reduces melting temperatures and thermal expansion. Lithium is also employed in metallurgy as a deoxidizing agent, in lubricating greases, and in specialized alloys for aerospace applications.

Lithium requires strict safety measures due to its water-reactive and corrosive nature. Personnel must wear appropriate PPE including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Handle only in dry, inert atmospheres to prevent violent reactions with moisture. Ensure adequate ventilation and have Class D fire extinguishing agents available, as lithium fires cannot be extinguished with water. Keep away from water, acids, and oxidizing materials during manipulation.

Lithium must be stored under mineral oil or in inert atmospheres like argon or nitrogen to prevent contact with moisture and air. Use airtight, corrosion-resistant containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from water sources. Separate from incompatible materials including acids, oxidizers, and halogenated compounds. Storage areas should have appropriate fire suppression systems designed for metal fires and be equipped with spill containment measures for emergency situations.

Lithium contact requires immediate action due to its corrosive nature. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and brush off any metal particles before flushing with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, rinse immediately with water for 15-20 minutes. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. In case of inhalation of lithium dust, move to fresh air immediately and provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.

Lithium disposal requires specialized hazardous waste procedures due to its reactive and corrosive properties. Never dispose of lithium in regular waste or down drains. Small quantities should be neutralized by trained professionals using appropriate methods under inert conditions. Contact licensed hazardous waste disposal companies for proper treatment and disposal. Follow local and national regulations including waste classification codes and transport requirements for hazardous materials throughout the disposal process.

Lithium is classified under ADR class 4.3 (water-reactive substances) packing group I, indicating high danger level during transport. It requires specialized packaging meeting UN specification standards and proper hazard labeling with GHS02 and GHS05 pictogrammes. Transport vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and documentation. Only trained personnel should handle lithium shipments, and transport must comply with dangerous goods regulations including routing restrictions and emergency response procedures.

Lithium is subject to comprehensive chemical regulations including REACH registration requirements and CLP classification as Water-react. 1 and Skin Corr. 1B with danger signal word. It requires safety data sheets and proper labeling with GHS02 and GHS05 pictogrammes. While not currently listed as an SVHC substance, lithium is regulated under dangerous goods transport legislation and may have workplace exposure limits. Industrial users must comply with occupational safety regulations and emergency planning requirements.

Lithium is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial customers across Europe. As a professional chemical supplier, OYSI provides lithium with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. Due to lithium's hazardous classification and transport requirements, purchase is typically restricted to qualified industrial users with appropriate handling facilities and safety measures. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and technical support for your lithium requirements.