Pentanoic acid

Pentanoic acid is a saturated carboxylic acid with the molecular formula C5H10O2 and CAS number 109-52-4. It belongs to the family of straight-chain fatty acids, consisting of a five-carbon chain with a carboxyl functional group. With a molecular weight of 102.13 g/mol, this organic compound is classified as a skin corrosive substance (Skin Corr. 1B) and poses aquatic chronic toxicity (Aquatic Chronic 3). It requires careful handling due to its corrosive properties and is regulated under chemical safety legislation.

Pentanoic acid is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a characteristic pungent, rancid odor reminiscent of goat or cheese. It has a boiling point of approximately 186°C and is moderately soluble in water, with solubility decreasing compared to shorter-chain carboxylic acids. The compound is miscible with most organic solvents including alcohols and ethers. Its density is around 0.94 g/cm³, and it exhibits typical carboxylic acid properties such as forming hydrogen bonds and showing acidic behavior in aqueous solutions.

Pentanoic acid is primarily used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It serves as a building block for the production of esters, which are utilized in flavoring and fragrance industries due to its distinctive odor profile. The compound finds applications in the synthesis of pentanoate salts and derivatives used in various industrial processes. Additionally, it is employed in research and development activities, particularly in organic chemistry laboratories for synthetic pathway development and as a reagent in specialized chemical reactions.

Pentanoic acid requires strict safety measures due to its skin corrosive classification (1B). Essential personal protective equipment includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to avoid inhalation of vapors. Handle containers carefully to prevent spills, and ensure emergency eyewash stations and safety showers are readily accessible. Always use appropriate tools for transfer operations and avoid direct contact with the substance at all costs.

Pentanoic acid should be stored in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers upright and ensure secondary containment to prevent environmental contamination. Store away from incompatible materials such as strong bases, oxidizing agents, and reactive metals. Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C when possible, and regularly inspect containers for signs of corrosion or leakage. Access should be restricted to authorized personnel only, with appropriate safety equipment nearby.

Pentanoic acid contact requires immediate emergency response due to its corrosive nature. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately. Seek immediate medical attention for all exposure routes, as this substance can cause severe chemical burns and tissue damage. Do not attempt to neutralize with other chemicals.

Pentanoic acid disposal must comply with local and European waste regulations as it is classified as hazardous waste. The substance cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams or poured down drains due to its corrosive properties and aquatic toxicity. Contact licensed hazardous waste disposal companies for proper treatment and disposal. Small laboratory quantities may be neutralized under controlled conditions by qualified personnel before disposal, but this should only be done following established protocols. Always consult local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements and approved facilities.

Pentanoic acid is classified under ADR Class 8 (corrosive substances), Packing Group III for transportation purposes. This classification requires specific packaging, labeling, and documentation for road transport within Europe. Packages must display the appropriate hazard labels including the GHS05 corrosion pictogram and 'Danger' signal word. Transport vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and documentation. Drivers require ADR training for handling corrosive materials. Ensure compliance with all applicable transport regulations and use approved packaging that meets UN specifications for Class 8 substances.

Pentanoic acid is subject to European chemical regulations including REACH and CLP classifications. Under CLP, it is classified as Skin Corr. 1B and Aquatic Chronic 3, requiring appropriate labeling with GHS05 pictogram and 'Danger' signal word. It is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). Users must comply with safety data sheet requirements, workplace exposure limits, and proper risk assessment procedures. Additional sector-specific regulations may apply depending on the intended use, particularly in pharmaceutical or food-related applications where stricter controls might be required.

Pentanoic acid is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial and professional customers across Europe. OYSI provides high-quality pentanoic acid with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. As a professional chemical distributor, OYSI ensures proper handling, packaging, and delivery of corrosive substances like pentanoic acid. Contact OYSI directly for specific grade requirements, quantities, and delivery options to your European location. Professional customers can rely on OYSI's expertise in chemical distribution and regulatory compliance.