Oxalonitrile

Oxalonitrile is a highly toxic chemical compound with the molecular formula C2N2 and CAS number 460-19-5. This substance appears as a flammable gas under pressure with a molecular weight of 52.03 g/mol. It belongs to multiple hazard classes including flammable gas category 1, pressurized gas, acute toxicity category 3, and aquatic toxicity categories. Due to its dangerous properties, it requires specialized handling and safety measures in industrial applications.

Oxalonitrile is a colorless gas at standard conditions, existing as a pressurized gas in containers. With its simple diatomic carbon-nitrogen structure (C2N2), it exhibits high volatility and flammability characteristics. The compound has a molecular weight of 52.03 g/mol and demonstrates significant reactivity due to its nitrile functional groups. Its gaseous state and chemical structure make it highly mobile in environmental systems, contributing to its aquatic toxicity classification.

Oxalonitrile serves primarily as a specialized chemical intermediate in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Its reactive nitrile groups make it valuable for producing complex organic compounds, particularly in fine chemical synthesis. The compound is also utilized in research applications for developing new materials and chemical processes. Due to its high toxicity and hazardous properties, its use is restricted to professional industrial settings with appropriate safety infrastructure and trained personnel.

Oxalonitrile requires extreme safety precautions due to its acute toxicity and flammable gas properties. Personnel must wear full personal protective equipment including gas-tight chemical suits, supplied-air respiratory protection, and chemical-resistant gloves. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods with gas detection systems. Eliminate all ignition sources, use explosion-proof equipment, and ensure emergency shower and eyewash stations are readily accessible. Only trained professionals should handle this substance.

Oxalonitrile must be stored in pressurized gas cylinders in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and ignition points. Storage areas should be equipped with gas leak detection systems and emergency ventilation. Keep containers upright, secured, and protected from physical damage. Separate from incompatible materials including strong oxidizers and bases. Storage facilities must comply with flammable gas regulations and maintain temperatures below manufacturer specifications to prevent pressure buildup.

Immediate evacuation from the exposure area is essential for oxalonitrile contact. For inhalation exposure, move the person to fresh air immediately and provide oxygen if breathing is difficult. In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water for several minutes. Seek immediate medical attention for all exposure routes due to the compound's acute toxicity. Do not induce vomiting if ingested.

Oxalonitrile disposal must comply with hazardous waste regulations due to its toxic and flammable properties. The substance requires treatment at licensed hazardous waste facilities equipped to handle toxic gases. Small quantities can be carefully vented in controlled environments with appropriate scrubbing systems. Empty containers retain hazardous residues and need proper decontamination. Consult local environmental authorities and waste management specialists for specific disposal requirements, as improper disposal poses significant environmental and safety risks.

Oxalonitrile is classified under ADR Class 2 for transport as a hazardous gas. Transportation requires specialized pressure vessels designed for toxic gases, with appropriate labeling including GHS pictograms GHS02, GHS04, GHS06, and GHS09. Vehicles must carry emergency response information and spill cleanup materials. Drivers need hazmat certification and training for gas transport. Shipments must follow dangerous goods regulations with proper documentation, route planning avoiding populated areas, and emergency response protocols readily available.

Oxalonitrile is subject to comprehensive chemical safety regulations under REACH and CLP frameworks in Europe. Its classification as acute toxic, flammable gas, and aquatic hazard requires strict compliance with occupational safety standards and environmental protection measures. The substance falls under dangerous goods transport regulations and may require special permits for commercial use. While not currently listed as SVHC, its hazard profile subjects it to rigorous safety data sheet requirements and worker protection protocols.

Oxalonitrile is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, which serves the European market with technical-grade chemicals. Due to its hazardous classification, purchase requires proper licensing, safety documentation, and demonstrated capability for safe handling and storage. Buyers must provide evidence of appropriate facilities and trained personnel. OYSI can provide technical support, safety documentation, and regulatory guidance to ensure compliant procurement and use of this specialized chemical compound.