Chloroform

Chloroform is a colorless, volatile organic solvent with the chemical formula CHCl3 and molecular weight of 119.37 g/mol. It belongs to the trihalomethane family and is classified as a dangerous substance due to its carcinogenic, reproductive toxic, and acute toxic properties. Chloroform has a characteristic sweet odor and was historically used as an anesthetic, though this application has been largely discontinued due to safety concerns.

Chloroform is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a characteristic sweet, ethereal odor. It has a high density (1.48 g/cm³), low boiling point (61.2°C), and is practically insoluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents including alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons. The compound is volatile and evaporates readily at room temperature, forming dense vapors that are heavier than air.

Chloroform is primarily used as an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate in manufacturing processes. Its main applications include production of refrigerants, extraction processes in pharmaceutical and chemical industries, and as a solvent for fats, oils, rubber, and resins. It also serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic compounds, though many traditional uses have been restricted due to health and environmental concerns.

Chloroform requires strict safety measures including use of chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact. Work must be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to avoid inhalation of vapors. Personnel should be trained on its carcinogenic and toxic properties, and emergency procedures must be established. Regular health monitoring may be required for workers with occupational exposure.

Chloroform must be stored in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources, ignition sources, and direct sunlight. Storage areas should be equipped with appropriate ventilation systems and spill containment measures. The substance should be kept away from strong bases, metals, and oxidizing agents. Storage containers must be made of compatible materials and regularly inspected for leaks or deterioration.

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately and seek medical help if breathing difficulties occur. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention.

Chloroform must be disposed of as hazardous waste through licensed waste management companies in accordance with local and national regulations. It cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams or poured down drains. Waste chloroform should be collected in appropriate containers, properly labeled, and stored in designated areas until collection. Recovery and recycling may be possible through specialized facilities for certain applications.

Chloroform is classified as ADR Class 6.1 (toxic substances), Packing Group III for transportation purposes. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with proper labeling including the toxic pictogram and appropriate hazard markings. Transport vehicles must comply with ADR requirements including proper ventilation, emergency equipment, and driver training. Transportation documents must include all required safety information and emergency response procedures.

Chloroform is subject to extensive regulation under REACH, CLP, and various national legislations due to its classification as carcinogenic (Category 2) and reproductive toxic (Category 2). It requires safety data sheets, exposure assessments, and may have restrictions on certain uses. Industrial users must comply with occupational exposure limits, and some applications may require specific authorizations. Regular monitoring and reporting obligations may apply to commercial users.

Chloroform is available through OYSI, a European distributor of technical chemicals, serving customers across the European market. As a regulated substance, purchases typically require proper documentation including end-use declarations and compliance with applicable regulations. OYSI can provide technical support, safety documentation, and ensure proper packaging and transportation according to ADR requirements. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and regulatory compliance assistance.