Nitrobenzene

Nitrobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO2, consisting of a benzene ring with one nitro group (-NO2) attached. This pale yellow, oily liquid has a molecular weight of 123.11 g/mol and serves as an important industrial chemical intermediate. It appears as a yellow to brown liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor and is classified as a hazardous substance due to its carcinogenic, reproductive toxic, and acute toxic properties.

Nitrobenzene is a pale yellow to light brown oily liquid at room temperature with a distinctive sweet, almond-like odor. It has a boiling point of 210.9°C and a melting point of 5.7°C. The compound is slightly soluble in water (about 2 g/L at 20°C) but readily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and benzene. It has a density of approximately 1.20 g/cm³, making it denser than water.

Nitrobenzene is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of aniline, which is subsequently used to manufacture polyurethane foams, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber chemicals. It serves as a precursor for various chemical syntheses including the production of benzidine, quinoline, and azobenzene. Additionally, nitrobenzene finds applications in the manufacture of perfumes, shoe polish, floor polish, and as a solvent in certain industrial processes, though these uses are limited due to its toxicity.

Nitrobenzene requires strict safety measures including wearing chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to avoid inhalation. Given its classification as Acute Tox. 3 and carcinogenic properties, respiratory protection may be necessary. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wash hands thoroughly after handling and never eat, drink, or smoke in work areas where nitrobenzene is present.

Nitrobenzene should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, sparks, and direct sunlight. Keep containers in secondary containment to prevent spills and maintain storage temperatures below 25°C when possible. Store away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, alkalis, and reducing agents. Ensure storage areas are equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems and that containers are properly labeled according to CLP regulations.

Nitrobenzene exposure requires immediate action: for skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, flush immediately with water for 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical care. Given its reproductive toxicity and carcinogenic properties, always consult medical professionals after any exposure incident.

Nitrobenzene disposal must comply with local and national hazardous waste regulations as it is classified as dangerous waste. The substance should never be poured down drains or disposed of with regular waste. Disposal typically requires incineration at authorized high-temperature facilities capable of handling toxic organic compounds. Collection, transport, and disposal must be performed by licensed hazardous waste management companies. Maintain proper documentation and waste tracking records as required by applicable environmental regulations.

Nitrobenzene is classified under ADR as Class 6.1 (toxic substances), Packing Group II, requiring specific transport protocols. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with proper hazard labels and documentation. Transport vehicles need appropriate placarding and emergency response information. Drivers must hold valid dangerous goods transport certification. The substance requires segregation from incompatible materials during transport and must be accompanied by proper shipping papers including safety data sheets and emergency response procedures.

Nitrobenzene is subject to comprehensive European regulations under REACH and CLP, requiring registration and classification as Carc. 2, Repr. 1B, and Acute Tox. 3. It falls under various occupational exposure limits and workplace safety directives. The substance is regulated for environmental protection due to its Aquatic Chronic 3 classification and requires appropriate risk management measures. Industrial users must implement exposure scenarios and risk mitigation measures. Transport is governed by ADR regulations for toxic substances Class 6.1.

Nitrobenzene is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of industrial chemicals serving various industrial sectors. As a professional chemical distributor, OYSI provides nitrobenzene with proper documentation including safety data sheets, certificates of analysis, and regulatory compliance information. Given the hazardous nature of nitrobenzene, purchases typically require verification of legitimate industrial use and appropriate handling capabilities. Contact OYSI directly for availability, technical specifications, and regulatory guidance for your specific application requirements.