Cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-)

Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO, consisting of cadmium in the +2 oxidation state bonded to oxygen. This chemical compound has a molecular weight of 128.41 g/mol and appears as a brown or red-brown crystalline solid. It is classified as a highly hazardous substance due to its carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive toxicity properties, requiring strict handling protocols in industrial applications.

Cadmium oxide is a brown to red-brown crystalline solid at room temperature with high thermal stability. It has a molecular weight of 128.41 g/mol and exhibits low solubility in water but dissolves readily in acids. The compound has a cubic crystal structure and demonstrates semiconductor properties. It is stable under normal conditions but can release toxic cadmium fumes when heated to high temperatures.

Cadmium oxide is primarily used in the production of cadmium-containing batteries, particularly nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries. It serves as a precursor for other cadmium compounds and finds applications in ceramics, glass manufacturing, and as a component in certain pigments. Additionally, it is used in electroplating processes and as a catalyst in specific chemical reactions, though its use is increasingly restricted due to health concerns.

Cadmium oxide requires extreme caution during handling due to its carcinogenic and toxic properties. Personnel must wear appropriate respiratory protection, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective clothing to prevent inhalation and skin contact. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods. Eye protection is mandatory, and eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas must be strictly prohibited to prevent accidental ingestion.

Cadmium oxide must be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong acids and oxidizing agents. Storage areas should be clearly labeled and access restricted to authorized personnel only. The substance should be kept away from heat sources and protected from moisture. Secondary containment measures are recommended to prevent environmental contamination in case of spills.

Immediate medical attention is required for any exposure to cadmium oxide. In case of skin contact, wash thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes and remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately and seek medical help. For eye contact, flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Never induce vomiting if ingested, and contact poison control or emergency services immediately.

Cadmium oxide must be disposed of as hazardous waste through licensed waste management companies specializing in toxic metal disposal. The substance cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams due to its environmental toxicity and regulatory restrictions. All contaminated materials, including containers and protective equipment, require proper hazardous waste treatment. Disposal must comply with local, national, and European waste regulations including the Waste Framework Directive.

Cadmium oxide is classified under ADR Class 6.1 (toxic substances) Packing Group I, indicating its high toxicity level. Transportation requires UN-approved packaging and proper hazardous goods documentation including safety data sheets and transport emergency cards. Vehicles must display appropriate hazard placards, and drivers need specialized training for toxic substance transport. All shipments must comply with ADR regulations and international dangerous goods transport requirements.

Cadmium oxide is heavily regulated under multiple European frameworks including REACH, CLP, and RoHS directives. It is classified as carcinogenic (Category 1B), mutagenic (Category 2), and toxic for reproduction (Category 2) under CLP regulation. The substance faces significant restrictions in consumer products and requires authorization for certain industrial uses. Companies must comply with occupational exposure limits and environmental emission standards when handling this compound.

Cadmium oxide is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, which serves the European market with industrial-grade chemicals. Due to its hazardous classification and regulatory restrictions, purchases typically require proper licensing, safety documentation, and compliance with applicable regulations. OYSI can provide technical support and ensure proper packaging and documentation for legal transport and use within European Union member states.