Cadmium

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal element with the chemical symbol Cd and CAS number 7440-43-9. This silvery-white metal has a molecular weight of 112.41 g/mol and belongs to the zinc group in the periodic table. Cadmium is classified as extremely hazardous, being carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic to reproduction. It poses significant health risks and environmental concerns, requiring strict handling protocols and regulatory compliance in industrial applications.

Cadmium is a soft, silvery-white metal that is solid at room temperature with a melting point of 321°C and boiling point of 767°C. It has a density of 8.65 g/cm³ and is relatively soft and ductile. The metal is insoluble in water but dissolves in acids. Cadmium readily oxidizes in air and can form various compounds. It exhibits good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance properties.

Cadmium is primarily used in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, electroplating processes, and as a stabilizer in PVC plastics. It serves as a pigment in paints and ceramics, providing vibrant yellow and red colors. The metal is also utilized in nuclear reactor control rods due to its neutron absorption properties, and in specialized alloys and solders. However, many applications are being phased out due to its toxicity.

Cadmium requires extreme safety precautions due to its high toxicity and carcinogenic properties. Essential protective equipment includes respiratory protection (P3 filters), chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and safety goggles. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume extraction systems. Avoid skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion completely. Regular health monitoring of exposed workers is mandatory. Implement strict hygiene measures including washing hands and changing clothes before leaving work areas.

Cadmium must be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and incompatible materials. As a pyrophoric solid (Class 4.2), it requires storage away from oxidizing agents, acids, and moisture. Use appropriate containers that prevent dust formation and ensure proper labeling with hazard warnings. Storage areas should be secured with restricted access, and emergency equipment must be readily available. Regular inspection of containers is essential.

Cadmium exposure requires immediate medical attention due to its acute toxicity. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek immediate medical care. For eye contact, flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Never induce vomiting if ingested. Contact emergency services immediately and provide the safety data sheet to medical personnel.

Cadmium disposal requires specialized hazardous waste treatment due to its classification as a dangerous substance. It cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams and must be handled by licensed hazardous waste contractors. Recovery and recycling are preferred methods when technically feasible. All disposal activities must comply with local and European waste regulations including the Waste Framework Directive. Proper documentation and waste tracking are mandatory throughout the disposal process.

Cadmium is classified as ADR Class 4.2 (pyrophoric solids) Group I, requiring specialized transport procedures. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with appropriate hazard labels including GHS02, GHS08, GHS06, and GHS09 pictograms. Transport vehicles need proper placarding and emergency equipment. Only trained personnel can handle the shipment, and transport documents must include all required safety information. Specific routing and timing restrictions may apply.

Cadmium is heavily regulated under multiple European frameworks including REACH, CLP, and RoHS directives. It's classified as carcinogenic (1B), mutagenic (2), and toxic for reproduction (2) under CLP regulation. Strict occupational exposure limits apply, and its use is severely restricted or banned in many consumer products. Authorization may be required for certain industrial uses, and comprehensive risk assessments are mandatory for all applications involving cadmium-containing substances.

Cadmium is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, with OYSI being a trusted supplier of industrial chemicals including heavy metals. Due to strict regulations, purchases typically require proper licensing, end-use documentation, and compliance with REACH requirements. OYSI provides technical support and regulatory guidance to ensure compliant procurement. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and regulatory documentation required for your specific application and jurisdiction.