Benzonitrile

Benzonitrile is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C7H5N and CAS number 100-47-0. It consists of a benzene ring attached to a nitrile group (-CN), making it the simplest aromatic nitrile. With a molecular weight of 103.12 g/mol, benzonitrile appears as a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor. It is classified as acutely toxic (Category 4) and requires careful handling in industrial and laboratory applications.

Benzonitrile is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a distinctive sweet, almond-like odor. It has a boiling point of approximately 191°C and a melting point of -13°C. The compound is slightly soluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. It has a density of about 1.01 g/cm³ and exhibits good thermal stability under normal conditions.

Benzonitrile is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals. It serves as a precursor for benzoic acid production, rubber chemicals, and dye intermediates. The compound is also utilized in the manufacture of pesticides, particularly herbicides, and as a solvent in specialized applications. Additionally, it finds use in the production of benzamide derivatives and other nitrogen-containing organic compounds in fine chemical synthesis.

Benzonitrile requires careful handling due to its acute toxicity classification (Category 4). Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume extraction systems to avoid inhalation exposure. Prevent skin and eye contact, and avoid ingestion. Use non-sparking tools and ensure proper grounding to prevent static electricity buildup during transfer operations.

Benzonitrile should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep containers in secondary containment to prevent spills. Store away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases to prevent incompatible reactions. Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C and ensure adequate fire protection measures are in place. Regular inspection of containers for leaks or deterioration is recommended.

In case of skin contact with benzonitrile, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and monitor breathing. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention. Always consult a physician after any significant exposure.

Benzonitrile disposal must comply with local environmental regulations and waste management guidelines. The compound should be treated as hazardous chemical waste and never disposed of down drains or in regular trash. Contact licensed waste disposal companies for proper treatment, which may include incineration at high temperatures or chemical treatment. Maintain proper documentation of waste disposal activities and ensure compliance with REACH and national waste regulations.

Benzonitrile is classified under ADR as Class 6.1 (toxic substances), Packing Group II, requiring specialized transport procedures. It must be packaged in UN-approved containers with proper labeling including GHS07 pictograms and 'Warning' signal word. Transport vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and documentation. Drivers require ADR certification for Class 6.1 materials, and transport must comply with routing restrictions and emergency response protocols.

Benzonitrile is subject to REACH regulation requiring registration for manufacture or import above one tonne annually. It falls under CLP classification as Acute Tox. 4 with mandatory GHS07 labeling and 'Warning' signal word. The substance is not currently listed as SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern). Users must comply with occupational exposure limits, safety data sheet requirements, and national chemical safety regulations in their respective countries.

Benzonitrile is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial customers across Europe. OYSI provides high-quality benzonitrile with complete regulatory documentation including safety data sheets and certificates of analysis. As an established chemical distributor, OYSI ensures compliance with European regulations and offers reliable supply chain solutions for businesses requiring benzonitrile for their manufacturing processes.