Oxalic acid

Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H2O4 and molecular weight of 90.03 g/mol. It is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, vegetables, and fruits. This colorless crystalline solid is one of the simplest organic acids and exists primarily as a dihydrate under normal conditions. Oxalic acid is classified as Acute Tox. 4 under CLP regulation, requiring careful handling in industrial and professional applications.

Oxalic acid is a white, odorless crystalline solid at room temperature with high water solubility. The compound readily forms a dihydrate (C2H2O4·2H2O) under normal atmospheric conditions. It has a relatively low melting point and decomposes upon heating. The acid is highly polar due to its two carboxyl groups, making it soluble in polar solvents like water and alcohols but poorly soluble in non-polar organic solvents.

Oxalic acid is widely used as a cleaning and bleaching agent, particularly for removing rust, stains, and mineral deposits from surfaces. It serves as a reducing agent in photography and textile industries, and as a mordant in dyeing processes. The compound is also utilized in metal polishing, wood restoration, and as a laboratory reagent for analytical chemistry. Industrial applications include leather tanning, paper manufacturing, and as an intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis.

Oxalic acid requires careful handling due to its Acute Tox. 4 classification and GHS07 pictogram warning. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. Ensure adequate ventilation when working with the substance. Avoid inhalation of dust or vapors and prevent skin and eye contact. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods, and have eyewash stations and safety showers readily available in the workplace.

Oxalic acid should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers tightly closed and protected from moisture to prevent caking. Store separately from incompatible materials such as strong bases, oxidizing agents, and metals. Use appropriate secondary containment and ensure storage areas are equipped with spill control materials. Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C and protect from physical damage to containers.

In case of skin contact with oxalic acid, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, rinse continuously with clean water and seek immediate medical attention. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and monitor breathing. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical assistance. Always consult safety data sheets for specific first aid measures and contact emergency services if severe symptoms occur.

Oxalic acid disposal must comply with local and national environmental regulations as it is classified as hazardous waste. Small quantities can be neutralized with calcium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate under controlled conditions before disposal. Larger amounts require professional hazardous waste disposal services. Never discharge directly into sewers, waterways, or soil. Contact licensed waste management companies for proper collection and treatment. Maintain proper documentation of all disposal activities as required by regulations.

Oxalic acid is classified as ADR Class 8, Packing Group III for transportation, indicating it is a corrosive substance with relatively lower danger. Packages must be properly labeled with appropriate hazard markings and UN identification numbers. Use approved packaging materials resistant to corrosion and ensure containers are securely closed and protected from damage during transit. Transport vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and documentation. Follow ADR regulations for loading, segregation, and driver training requirements.

Oxalic acid is regulated under the CLP Regulation with Acute Tox. 4 classification and requires appropriate labeling with GHS07 pictogram and warning signal word. It is not listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) under REACH regulation. However, it must comply with standard REACH registration requirements for chemical substances. Users must follow occupational safety regulations, maintain safety data sheets, and implement appropriate risk management measures. Some applications may have additional sector-specific restrictions.

Oxalic acid is available throughout Europe from OYSI, a specialized distributor of technical chemicals. OYSI provides high-quality oxalic acid with full regulatory compliance including proper CLP labeling, safety data sheets, and technical documentation. As a European chemical distributor, OYSI ensures reliable supply chains and professional customer support for industrial and professional users. Contact OYSI directly for specific grades, quantities, and delivery options to meet your technical requirements across European markets.