Benzene-1,4-diol

Benzene-1,4-diol is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6O2 and CAS number 123-31-9. Also known as hydroquinone, it consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups positioned opposite each other (para position). With a molecular weight of 110.11 g/mol, this aromatic diol is classified as a hazardous substance due to its carcinogenic, mutagenic, and sensitizing properties, requiring careful handling in industrial applications.

Benzene-1,4-diol appears as white crystalline needles or powder at room temperature with a characteristic phenolic odor. It has a melting point of approximately 170°C and is moderately soluble in water, highly soluble in alcohol and ether. The compound is prone to oxidation, particularly when exposed to light and air, which can cause discoloration. Its aromatic structure provides stability while the hydroxyl groups confer polar characteristics affecting its solubility profile.

Benzene-1,4-diol serves primarily as a reducing agent and antioxidant in photographic processing, acting as a developer in black-and-white photography. It is extensively used in the production of polymers, particularly as a monomer for engineering plastics and as a polymerization inhibitor. Additional applications include its use in rubber processing, cosmetic formulations as a skin-lightening agent, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals.

Benzene-1,4-diol requires strict safety precautions due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Mandatory personal protective equipment includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection to prevent inhalation. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume extraction systems. Avoid skin and eye contact, and prevent dust formation. Emergency shower and eyewash stations must be readily accessible, and workers should receive appropriate training on hazard recognition and safe handling procedures.

Benzene-1,4-diol must be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and oxidizing agents. Use original containers or compatible materials, ensuring tight closure to prevent moisture absorption and oxidation. Storage areas should be equipped with appropriate spill containment and emergency equipment. Segregate from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Implement inventory rotation using first-in-first-out principles to minimize degradation over time.

Benzene-1,4-diol contact requires immediate action due to its toxic properties. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse immediately with clean water for 15-20 minutes and seek medical attention. If inhaled, move person to fresh air and monitor breathing. For ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical help. Always consult a physician and provide the safety data sheet.

Benzene-1,4-diol disposal must comply with local and national hazardous waste regulations due to its classification as dangerous waste. The substance cannot be disposed of in regular waste streams and requires specialized treatment through licensed waste management facilities. Typical disposal methods include high-temperature incineration with proper emission controls or chemical treatment to neutralize its hazardous properties. Maintain detailed disposal records and use only authorized waste carriers for transportation to approved facilities.

Benzene-1,4-diol is classified as ADR Class 9 (Miscellaneous dangerous goods), Packing Group III for transportation purposes. This classification requires appropriate packaging, labeling with Class 9 hazard labels, and proper shipping documentation including dangerous goods declarations. Vehicles must carry appropriate emergency equipment and drivers need ADR certification. Packages must be secured to prevent movement during transit and marked with proper shipping names, UN numbers, and hazard warnings according to international dangerous goods regulations.

Benzene-1,4-diol is subject to comprehensive European chemical regulations under REACH and CLP frameworks, requiring registration, classification, and safety data sheet provisions. Its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties mandate strict occupational exposure limits and workplace risk assessments. The substance may be subject to additional restrictions in cosmetic applications and requires authorization for certain uses. Companies must implement appropriate risk management measures and maintain compliance with worker protection directives and environmental discharge standards.

Benzene-1,4-diol is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial customers across Europe. As a professional chemical distributor, OYSI provides high-quality benzene-1,4-diol with proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory compliance support. Their European network ensures reliable supply chains and technical expertise for industrial applications. Contact OYSI directly for specific grades, quantities, pricing, and delivery options tailored to your industrial requirements and regulatory obligations.