Acetyl chloride

Acetyl chloride is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H3ClO and a molecular weight of 78.5 g/mol. It is an acyl chloride derivative of acetic acid, classified as a highly reactive and corrosive liquid. This substance is characterized by its flammable nature and strong corrosive properties, making it a dangerous chemical that requires careful handling in industrial and laboratory applications.

Acetyl chloride is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent, irritating odor. It has a low boiling point of 51-52°C and is highly reactive with water, decomposing rapidly to form acetic acid and hydrogen chloride gas. The substance is miscible with organic solvents but reacts violently with water and alcohols, releasing corrosive vapors that can cause severe irritation.

Acetyl chloride is primarily used as an acetylating agent in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It serves as a key intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, and various organic compounds. The chemical is widely employed in laboratory synthesis for introducing acetyl groups into molecules and in industrial processes for manufacturing acetate esters and other derivatives.

Acetyl chloride must be handled with extreme caution using appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and acid-resistant clothing. Work should be conducted in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhalation of corrosive vapors. Due to its flammable and corrosive nature, keep away from heat sources, open flames, and water during handling operations.

Acetyl chloride should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and ignition points. Keep containers away from water, alcohols, and other incompatible materials to prevent violent reactions. Storage areas must be equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems and secondary containment measures to handle potential spills or container failures.

Immediate action is required for any contact with acetyl chloride. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse immediately with water for 15-20 minutes and seek medical attention. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately and seek medical help if breathing difficulties occur.

Acetyl chloride disposal must comply with local and European waste regulations as hazardous chemical waste. Small quantities can be carefully neutralized by slow addition to ice-cold water under controlled conditions, followed by neutralization of the resulting acidic solution. Large quantities should be handled by licensed waste disposal companies specializing in hazardous chemical waste management.

Acetyl chloride is classified under ADR as Class 3 (flammable liquid), Packing Group II, requiring specific transport packaging and documentation. Transport must comply with dangerous goods regulations using appropriate UN-certified containers and labeling. Vehicles must carry proper emergency equipment and drivers need dangerous goods transport certification for legal transportation across European borders.

Acetyl chloride is regulated under European CLP regulation with classification as Flam. Liq. 2 and Skin Corr. 1B, requiring danger signal word and specific GHS pictograms (GHS02, GHS05). While not listed as an SVHC substance under REACH, it remains subject to standard chemical registration requirements and workplace safety regulations throughout the European Union.

Acetyl chloride is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial and research customers across Europe. As a professional chemical supplier, OYSI ensures proper handling, packaging, and documentation compliance for this hazardous substance. Contact OYSI directly for availability, technical specifications, and regulatory compliance support for your acetyl chloride requirements.