2-chloroacetonitrile

2-chloroacetonitrile is an organochlorine compound with the molecular formula C2H2ClN and CAS number 107-14-2. This chemical features a nitrile functional group attached to a chlorinated carbon chain, making it a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis. With a molecular weight of 75.5 g/mol, it is classified as highly toxic (Acute Tox. 3) and poses environmental hazards to aquatic life. The compound requires careful handling due to its dangerous classification and displays GHS06 (skull and crossbones) and GHS09 (environmental) pictograms.

2-chloroacetonitrile is typically a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a characteristic pungent odor. The compound has good solubility in polar organic solvents and limited water solubility. It exhibits typical nitrile chemical reactivity, including susceptibility to hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions. The presence of the chlorine atom increases its reactivity compared to acetonitrile, making it useful for nucleophilic substitution reactions. Its physical state and properties make it suitable for various synthetic applications in controlled industrial environments.

2-chloroacetonitrile serves primarily as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis. It is commonly used in the production of various organic compounds through nucleophilic substitution reactions, where the chlorine atom can be replaced by other functional groups. The compound finds applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other fine chemicals. Its reactive nature makes it valuable for creating carbon-nitrogen bonds in organic molecules. Due to its high toxicity, its use is restricted to professional industrial applications with appropriate safety measures.

2-chloroacetonitrile requires strict safety protocols due to its Acute Tox. 3 classification across multiple exposure routes. Personal protective equipment must include chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods. Avoid skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion at all costs. Work should be conducted in designated chemical handling areas with emergency shower and eyewash stations readily available. Only trained personnel should handle this substance, and all local safety regulations must be followed. Emergency response procedures should be established and communicated to all personnel.

2-chloroacetonitrile should be stored in tightly sealed, chemically compatible containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Storage areas must be designed for toxic substances with appropriate containment measures and restricted access. The compound should be kept away from incompatible materials such as strong bases, acids, and oxidizing agents. Secondary containment is recommended to prevent environmental contamination. Storage facilities should comply with local regulations for toxic chemicals and include appropriate warning signage and emergency response equipment.

2-chloroacetonitrile exposure requires immediate medical attention due to its high toxicity. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek immediate medical care. If inhaled, move the victim to fresh air and provide respiratory support if needed. Never induce vomiting if ingested; rinse mouth and seek emergency medical treatment immediately. Contact poison control centers and provide the safety data sheet to medical personnel.

2-chloroacetonitrile disposal must comply with local, national, and international hazardous waste regulations due to its toxic and environmentally harmful properties. The compound cannot be disposed of through regular waste streams and requires specialized hazardous waste treatment facilities. Incineration at high temperatures in approved facilities is typically the preferred disposal method. Small quantities should be collected in appropriate containers and labeled for hazardous waste pickup. Never discharge into sewers, soil, or water bodies due to its Aquatic Chronic 2 classification and potential environmental impact.

2-chloroacetonitrile is classified under ADR Class 6.1 (Toxic substances) Packing Group I, indicating high toxicity and requiring strict transport regulations. Transportation must comply with dangerous goods regulations, including appropriate packaging, labeling, and documentation. Vehicles must carry emergency response information and appropriate emergency equipment. Only certified dangerous goods transporters should handle shipments, and drivers require specialized training. Packages must display proper hazard labels and shipping names. Emergency contact information must be readily available during transport, and routes should avoid populated areas when possible.

2-chloroacetonitrile is subject to comprehensive chemical regulations including REACH registration requirements in Europe and CLP classification showing Danger signal word with multiple acute toxicity classifications. The substance requires safety data sheets and proper hazard communication due to its GHS06 and GHS09 pictograms. While not currently listed as a SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern), it may be subject to industrial emissions regulations and workplace exposure limits. Companies must comply with occupational health and safety regulations, environmental protection laws, and chemical inventory reporting requirements in their respective jurisdictions.

2-chloroacetonitrile is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals with expertise in hazardous substance supply chain management. As a professional chemical distributor, OYSI ensures compliance with all relevant European regulations including REACH and CLP requirements. The company provides proper documentation, safety data sheets, and regulatory support for industrial customers. Due to the substance's high toxicity classification, purchases are typically restricted to qualified industrial users with appropriate handling capabilities and safety infrastructure. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and regulatory compliance information.