2-chloroacetic acid

2-chloroacetic acid is an organochlorine compound with the molecular formula C2H3ClO2 and CAS number 79-11-8. This halogenated carboxylic acid has a molecular weight of 94.5 g/mol and serves as an important intermediate in organic synthesis. It is classified as a highly toxic and corrosive substance, requiring careful handling due to its hazardous properties including acute toxicity and skin corrosion potential.

2-chloroacetic acid is a white crystalline solid at room temperature with a pungent, acetic acid-like odor. It is highly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether due to its polar carboxylic acid group. The compound has a melting point of approximately 63°C and a boiling point of 189°C. It is hygroscopic, readily absorbing moisture from air, and exhibits strong acidic properties with corrosive characteristics.

2-chloroacetic acid is primarily used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis, particularly for producing drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It serves as a key building block in agrochemical manufacturing for herbicides and pesticides. The compound is also utilized in the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a thickening agent used in food, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Additionally, it functions as a reagent in organic synthesis reactions.

2-chloroacetic acid must be handled with full personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing due to its corrosive and toxic nature. Work should be conducted in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to prevent inhalation exposure. Avoid skin and eye contact completely, as the substance can cause severe burns and tissue damage. Use appropriate tools and never handle directly with bare hands.

2-chloroacetic acid should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Store separately from bases, reducing agents, and metals to avoid incompatible reactions. The storage area should be equipped with appropriate spill containment measures and emergency equipment. Maintain storage temperature below 25°C for optimal stability.

Skin contact requires immediate removal of contaminated clothing and thorough rinsing with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, followed by immediate medical attention. For eye contact, flush immediately with water for 15-20 minutes and seek urgent medical care. If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and provide respiratory support if needed. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention.

2-chloroacetic acid must be disposed of as hazardous waste according to local and national regulations. Small quantities can be neutralized carefully with sodium bicarbonate under controlled conditions by trained personnel. Large quantities require collection by licensed hazardous waste disposal companies. Never dispose of this substance in regular waste streams, sewers, or the environment. Consult local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements and authorized waste treatment facilities.

2-chloroacetic acid is classified under ADR as Class 6.1 (toxic substances) with Packing Group II, indicating significant toxicity. Transport requires proper dangerous goods packaging, labeling with appropriate hazard symbols (GHS06, GHS05, GHS09), and accompanying transport documents. Vehicles must carry emergency equipment and drivers need dangerous goods training certification. Shipments must comply with ADR regulations for toxic substances during road transport across Europe.

2-chloroacetic acid is subject to REACH regulation requiring registration for import/manufacture above one tonne annually in the EU. It falls under CLP classification with hazard classes including Acute Toxicity 3, Skin Corrosion 1B, and Aquatic Acute 1, requiring specific labeling and safety data sheets. While not currently listed as SVHC, its toxic and corrosive properties mean it may be subject to additional national restrictions and workplace exposure limits.

2-chloroacetic acid is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of technical chemicals serving industrial customers across the continent. OYSI provides this substance to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and specialty chemical manufacturers with appropriate documentation and regulatory compliance. As a controlled toxic substance, purchase requires proper business credentials and intended use declaration. Contact OYSI directly for availability, specifications, and regulatory support for your specific application requirements.