2-chloroacetic acid

2-chloroacetic acid is an organochlorine compound with the molecular formula C2H3ClO2 and CAS number 79-11-8. This chemical substance has a molecular weight of 94.5 g/mol and belongs to the family of halogenated carboxylic acids. It is classified as a highly toxic and corrosive material, requiring careful handling and storage. The compound is widely used in industrial applications as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and manufacturing processes.

2-chloroacetic acid is typically a white crystalline solid at room temperature with a sharp, pungent odor. The compound is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents due to its carboxylic acid functional group. It has a relatively low molecular weight of 94.5 g/mol and exhibits strong acidic properties. The presence of the chlorine atom increases its reactivity compared to acetic acid, making it a valuable intermediate in chemical synthesis.

2-chloroacetic acid is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. It serves as a building block for producing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is used in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. The compound is also utilized in the manufacture of dyes, surfactants, and other fine chemicals where chlorinated acetic acid derivatives are required.

2-chloroacetic acid requires strict safety measures due to its acute toxicity and corrosive nature (Acute Tox. 3, Skin Corr. 1B). Workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods. The GHS06 and GHS05 pictograms indicate fatal toxicity and corrosive hazards, requiring immediate medical attention if exposure occurs.

2-chloroacetic acid must be stored in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. The storage area should be equipped with appropriate containment systems and emergency equipment. Keep containers away from heat sources, strong bases, and oxidizing agents. Access should be restricted to trained personnel only, and proper labeling with hazard warnings must be maintained at all times.

2-chloroacetic acid exposure requires immediate emergency response due to its high toxicity and corrosive properties. For skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek immediate medical attention. If ingested or inhaled, contact emergency services immediately. Never induce vomiting and provide fresh air for inhalation exposure.

2-chloroacetic acid disposal must comply with local and European waste regulations due to its classification as hazardous waste. The substance cannot be disposed of through regular waste streams and requires specialized treatment by licensed waste management companies. Neutralization should only be performed by trained professionals under controlled conditions. Empty containers must also be treated as hazardous waste and disposed of according to regulatory requirements.

2-chloroacetic acid is classified under ADR Class 6.1 (toxic substances) Packing Group II, indicating significant transport hazards. Transportation requires specialized packaging, proper labeling with hazard diamonds, and compliance with dangerous goods regulations. Only certified carriers with appropriate permits and training can transport this material. Shipping documents must include proper shipping names, UN numbers, and emergency response information according to international transport regulations.

2-chloroacetic acid is subject to comprehensive European chemical regulations including REACH registration and CLP classification requirements. The substance is not currently listed as an SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern). Manufacturers and importers must comply with registration obligations, safety data sheet requirements, and proper hazard communication. Users must follow occupational exposure limits and implement appropriate risk management measures as specified in regulatory frameworks.

2-chloroacetic acid is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, including OYSI, which supplies high-quality chemical products to industrial customers across European markets. When purchasing, ensure the supplier provides proper documentation including safety data sheets, certificates of analysis, and regulatory compliance information. Only work with reputable distributors who can guarantee product quality and regulatory compliance for your specific application requirements.