Cyclobutane

Cyclobutane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C4H8 and CAS number 287-23-0. It consists of four carbon atoms arranged in a square ring structure, with each carbon bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This organic compound has a molecular weight of 56.11 g/mol and belongs to the cycloalkane family. Cyclobutane is characterized by significant ring strain due to its four-membered ring structure, making it less stable than larger cycloalkanes.

Cyclobutane is a colorless gas at room temperature with a boiling point of approximately 12.6°C and a melting point of -50.0°C. It has a characteristic petroleum-like odor and is practically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. The compound has a density of about 0.689 g/cm³ in liquid state and is highly flammable. Its ring strain energy is approximately 26.3 kcal/mol, contributing to its reactivity.

Cyclobutane is primarily used as a research chemical and intermediate in organic synthesis. It serves as a starting material for the production of various cyclic compounds and pharmaceutical intermediates. In academic and industrial research, cyclobutane is utilized to study ring strain effects and cycloaddition reactions. It also finds application in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and as a reference compound in analytical chemistry. Due to its unique structural properties, it's valuable in developing new synthetic methodologies.

Cyclobutane should be handled in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods due to its gaseous nature and flammability. Personnel must wear appropriate personal protective equipment including safety goggles, protective gloves, and flame-resistant clothing. All ignition sources must be eliminated from the work area. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and ensure proper grounding of containers. Avoid breathing vapors and prevent accumulation in confined spaces. Work with small quantities and maintain emergency procedures for gas leaks.

Cyclobutane must be stored in pressurized containers designed for flammable gases, kept in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and ignition. Storage areas should be equipped with gas detection systems and emergency ventilation. Containers should be properly labeled and secured to prevent tipping. Avoid storage near oxidizing agents and ensure compliance with local fire codes. Regular inspection of storage containers for leaks is essential. Maintain storage temperatures below 40°C to prevent excessive pressure buildup.

Cyclobutane exposure requires immediate action depending on the route of contact. For inhalation, move the person to fresh air immediately and seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur. In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water. For eye contact, flush immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If ingestion occurs (unlikely due to gaseous state), seek immediate medical attention. Always consult emergency services for significant exposures.

Cyclobutane disposal must comply with local and national hazardous waste regulations. Small quantities can be allowed to evaporate in a well-ventilated area away from ignition sources, under controlled conditions. Larger quantities should be collected by licensed hazardous waste disposal companies. Never discharge into sewers or water bodies. Empty containers should be properly purged and disposed of according to local regulations. Consult local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements in your region.

Cyclobutane is classified under ADR Class 2 (gases) for transportation purposes. It must be transported in appropriate pressure vessels designed for flammable gases, properly labeled with hazard placards. Vehicles transporting cyclobutane must comply with ADR regulations including proper ventilation, fire extinguishing equipment, and driver training requirements. Documentation must include proper shipping names and emergency response information. Transport should avoid extreme temperatures and routes through populated areas when possible.

Cyclobutane is regulated under various chemical legislation frameworks including REACH in Europe, where it requires registration for commercial use. It falls under CLP regulation for classification and labeling, though it currently shows no specific hazard classifications in the provided data. Users must comply with occupational health and safety regulations regarding flammable gases. Local fire codes and environmental regulations may apply depending on quantities used. Regular monitoring of regulatory updates is recommended for compliance.

Cyclobutane is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, including OYSI, which supplies high-quality chemical products to industrial and research customers across the European market. As a technical chemical requiring proper handling and storage capabilities, it's typically sold to qualified buyers with appropriate facilities. Customers should verify their specific requirements and regulatory compliance needs before purchasing. Contact OYSI directly for availability, technical specifications, and delivery options tailored to your location and application requirements.