Cyclobutane

Cyclobutane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C4H8 and CAS number 287-23-0. It consists of four carbon atoms arranged in a square ring structure, with each carbon bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This colorless gas has a molecular weight of 56.11 g/mol and belongs to the cycloalkane family. Cyclobutane exhibits ring strain due to its four-membered ring structure, making it less stable than larger cyclic hydrocarbons.

Cyclobutane is a colorless gas at room temperature with a boiling point of approximately 12.5°C and a melting point of -50°C. It has a characteristic hydrocarbon odor and is practically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like alcohols and ethers. The compound exhibits high ring strain energy, making it more reactive than other cycloalkanes. It has a density of about 0.72 g/cm³ in liquid state and is highly flammable.

Cyclobutane is primarily used as a research chemical and intermediate in organic synthesis. It serves as a starting material for the production of various cyclic compounds and pharmaceuticals. In industrial applications, it can be used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and as a component in certain polymer production processes. Its unique ring structure makes it valuable for studying ring strain effects and developing new synthetic methodologies in academic and industrial research laboratories.

Cyclobutane requires careful handling due to its flammable nature and gaseous state. Work in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods to prevent accumulation of vapors. Use appropriate personal protective equipment including safety glasses, gloves resistant to hydrocarbons, and flame-resistant clothing. Eliminate all ignition sources including open flames, hot surfaces, and electrical equipment that may produce sparks. Use proper gas-tight equipment and ensure all connections are secure to prevent leaks.

Cyclobutane should be stored in properly designed pressure vessels or gas cylinders in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and ignition points. Storage areas must be equipped with appropriate ventilation systems and gas detection equipment. Keep containers upright and secure to prevent tipping. Store away from oxidizing agents and incompatible materials. Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C and ensure containers are properly labeled and dated according to safety regulations.

Cyclobutane exposure typically occurs through inhalation since it's a gas at room temperature. In case of inhalation, immediately move the affected person to fresh air and keep them at rest. If breathing difficulties occur, provide oxygen and seek immediate medical attention. For skin contact with liquid cyclobutane, remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with water. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice promptly.

Cyclobutane disposal must comply with local and national waste management regulations as a flammable hydrocarbon waste. Small quantities can be carefully vented in well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources, following local environmental guidelines. Larger quantities should be collected by licensed waste disposal companies specializing in flammable gas handling. Never dispose of cyclobutane through regular waste streams or sewer systems. Contact local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements and approved waste management facilities.

Cyclobutane is classified under ADR Class 2 (gases) for transportation purposes. It must be transported in approved pressure vessels or gas cylinders meeting relevant transportation standards. Vehicles must be properly placarded and drivers require appropriate hazardous materials training. Transport should avoid extreme temperatures and direct sunlight. Ensure proper documentation including transport permits and safety data sheets accompany shipments. Use specialized carriers experienced in handling flammable gases for safe transportation.

Cyclobutane is regulated under various chemical safety frameworks including REACH in Europe, where it requires registration for commercial use. It falls under CLP regulation for classification and labeling, though it currently has no specific hazard classification. As a flammable gas, it's subject to workplace safety regulations and transportation laws. It is not listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) under REACH. Users must comply with local occupational safety standards and environmental regulations.

Cyclobutane is available through specialized chemical distributors in Europe, including OYSI, which supplies high-quality research chemicals and industrial intermediates across European markets. As a specialty chemical, it's typically available in various purities and packaging options suitable for research and industrial applications. Contact OYSI's technical sales team for specific product specifications, availability, and delivery options. Ensure your intended use complies with local regulations before placing orders for this specialized hydrocarbon compound.