Carbonyl dichloride

Carbonyl dichloride is a highly toxic chemical compound with the molecular formula CCl2O and CAS number 75-44-5. Also known as phosgene, it has a molecular weight of 98.91 g/mol and exists as a pressurized gas under normal conditions. This compound is classified as extremely hazardous, carrying acute toxicity and skin corrosion properties, making it one of the most dangerous industrial chemicals requiring specialized handling procedures.

Carbonyl dichloride is a colorless gas at room temperature with a characteristic sweet odor at low concentrations, though it becomes suffocating at higher levels. It has a boiling point of 8.2°C and exists as a pressurized gas in containers. The compound is sparingly soluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents. It hydrolyzes rapidly in moist air, producing hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide.

Carbonyl dichloride is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of polycarbonate plastics, polyurethane foams, and various pharmaceuticals. It serves as a key reagent in organic synthesis for introducing carbonyl groups into molecules. The chemical industry also employs it in manufacturing pesticides, dyes, and other specialty chemicals. Due to its extreme toxicity, its use is restricted to specialized industrial facilities with appropriate safety measures.

Carbonyl dichloride requires extreme safety precautions including full-face respirators with appropriate gas filters, chemical-resistant suits, and neoprene gloves. Work must be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods with emergency shower facilities nearby. Personnel must be trained in emergency procedures, and gas detection systems should be installed. Only qualified professionals should handle this substance, and emergency response plans must be in place.

Carbonyl dichloride must be stored in pressurized cylinders in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Storage areas should be equipped with gas leak detection systems and emergency ventilation. The compound must be kept away from water, alcohols, and amines due to violent reactions. Access should be restricted to authorized personnel only, and storage facilities must comply with local regulations for toxic gases.

Carbonyl dichloride exposure requires immediate emergency response: move the victim to fresh air immediately and provide oxygen if breathing is difficult. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, irrigate with clean water for 15-20 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention for any exposure, as delayed pulmonary edema can occur hours after inhalation.

Carbonyl dichloride disposal must be handled by specialized hazardous waste contractors due to its extreme toxicity and classification as dangerous goods. The substance cannot be disposed of through normal waste channels and requires neutralization through controlled hydrolysis under expert supervision. All disposal activities must comply with local environmental regulations and ADR transport requirements. Contact certified waste management companies experienced with toxic gas disposal for proper handling.

Carbonyl dichloride is classified under ADR Class 2 (gases) for transportation and requires specialized dangerous goods handling procedures. It must be transported in approved pressure vessels with proper labeling including GHS04, GHS06, and GHS05 pictograms. Transport requires trained drivers with ADR certification and appropriate emergency equipment. Shipping documentation must include proper shipping names, hazard classes, and emergency contact information for incident response.

Carbonyl dichloride is subject to strict regulations under REACH, CLP, and national chemical safety legislation due to its extreme toxicity classification (Acute Tox. 2). It requires specialized permits for handling and use in most jurisdictions. The substance is not listed as SVHC but falls under severe use restrictions and occupational exposure limits. Companies must implement comprehensive risk management measures and report usage to regulatory authorities as required.

Carbonyl dichloride is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, which serves European markets with dangerous and regulated chemicals. Due to its extreme toxicity and regulatory restrictions, purchases require proper licensing, safety documentation, and end-use declarations. OYSI can provide technical support, safety data sheets, and regulatory guidance for compliant procurement. Contact OYSI directly to discuss availability, specifications, and regulatory requirements for your specific application.