Carbonyl dichloride

Carbonyl dichloride is a highly toxic chemical compound with the molecular formula CCl2O and CAS number 75-44-5. Also known as phosgene, it has a molecular weight of 98.91 g/mol and exists as a pressurized gas under normal conditions. This compound is classified as extremely hazardous due to its acute toxicity and corrosive properties, requiring specialized handling and safety measures in industrial applications.

Carbonyl dichloride is a colorless gas at room temperature with a characteristic musty or hay-like odor at low concentrations. As a pressurized gas (GHS04), it has high volatility and low boiling point. The compound is moderately soluble in water, where it rapidly hydrolyzes to form hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. Its molecular structure CCl2O makes it highly reactive with nucleophiles and moisture.

Carbonyl dichloride is primarily used as an industrial intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and polymers. It serves as a key reagent in organic synthesis for introducing carbonyl groups and in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and polyurethane foams. The compound is also utilized in the production of isocyanates and various specialty chemicals in controlled industrial environments due to its high reactivity.

Carbonyl dichloride requires extreme safety precautions due to its acute toxicity (Acute Tox. 2) and corrosive nature (Skin Corr. 1B). Personnel must wear full chemical-resistant suits, supplied-air respirators, and chemical-resistant gloves. Work must be conducted in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods with emergency shower stations nearby. Gas detection systems and emergency response procedures are essential for safe handling operations.

Carbonyl dichloride must be stored in pressurized containers designed for toxic gases in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Storage areas should be equipped with gas leak detection systems and emergency ventilation. The compound must be kept away from water, alcohols, and amines due to violent reactions. Only trained personnel should access storage areas with appropriate safety equipment.

Carbonyl dichloride exposure requires immediate emergency response due to its high toxicity. In case of inhalation, move the person to fresh air immediately and seek urgent medical attention. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Eye contact requires immediate irrigation with water. Never induce vomiting if ingested. Medical personnel should be informed of the specific chemical involved.

Carbonyl dichloride disposal must comply with hazardous waste regulations as it is classified as acute toxic and corrosive waste. The compound should be neutralized by controlled hydrolysis under supervised conditions, converting it to less hazardous hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. Disposal must be performed by licensed hazardous waste contractors following local and EU waste regulations. Never attempt disposal through regular waste streams.

Carbonyl dichloride is classified under ADR Class 2 (gases) for transportation, requiring specialized packaging and documentation for hazardous materials transport. Vehicles must display appropriate hazard placards and carry emergency response information. Only certified dangerous goods transporters can handle shipments, using approved pressure vessels and following strict routing and timing restrictions. Emergency response equipment must accompany all shipments.

Carbonyl dichloride is subject to strict regulatory oversight under REACH, CLP, and national chemical safety regulations across Europe. The compound requires safety data sheets, hazard communication, and worker protection measures due to its Acute Tox. 2 and Skin Corr. 1B classifications. Industrial users must implement risk management measures and may require permits for handling and storage. Regular safety training and monitoring are mandatory requirements.

Carbonyl dichloride is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, which serves the European market with technical-grade chemicals. Due to its hazardous nature, purchases require proper documentation, safety certifications, and compliance with regulatory requirements. OYSI provides technical support and ensures proper packaging and transportation according to ADR Class 2 regulations. Contact OYSI directly for availability and regulatory guidance for your specific application.