2,4,6-trinitrophenol

2,4,6-trinitrophenol is a highly explosive organic compound with the molecular formula C6H3N3O7 and CAS number 88-89-1. Also known as picric acid, it consists of a phenol molecule substituted with three nitro groups at positions 2, 4, and 6. This yellow crystalline substance has a molecular weight of 229.1 g/mol and is classified as an explosive material with acute toxicity properties, requiring extreme caution in handling and storage.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol appears as bright yellow crystals with a bitter taste and is odorless when pure. It is moderately soluble in water (approximately 1.2% at room temperature) and more soluble in organic solvents like alcohol and ether. The compound has a melting point around 122°C and is highly sensitive to shock, friction, and heat, making it extremely dangerous to handle without proper precautions.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol is primarily used in specialized industrial applications including explosive manufacturing, chemical synthesis, and as a laboratory reagent. It serves as an intermediate in the production of certain dyes and pharmaceuticals. Due to its explosive nature and toxicity, its use is heavily restricted and typically limited to controlled industrial processes requiring specific authorization and safety measures.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol requires extreme safety precautions including explosion-proof equipment, anti-static clothing, and complete personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection. Work must be conducted in controlled environments away from heat sources, friction, and static electricity. Only trained personnel should handle this substance, and emergency procedures must be readily available due to its explosive and toxic nature.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol must be stored in specialized explosive storage facilities meeting strict regulatory requirements. Storage areas should be cool, dry, well-ventilated, and isolated from incompatible materials including metals, strong bases, and reducing agents. Containers must be explosion-proof and properly grounded. Regular inspection for crystal formation and degradation is essential, as dry picric acid becomes increasingly sensitive and dangerous over time.

Immediate medical attention is required for any contact with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected areas with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. Never induce vomiting if ingested. Contact emergency services immediately and provide the safety data sheet to medical personnel.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol disposal requires specialized hazardous waste treatment by licensed explosive disposal companies. It cannot be disposed of through normal waste streams due to its explosive and toxic properties. Disposal must comply with local, national, and EU waste regulations for explosive materials. Small quantities may require controlled detonation or specialized chemical neutralization processes performed only by qualified professionals with appropriate permits and safety equipment.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol is classified as a Class 1 dangerous good under ADR regulations, requiring specialized explosive transport procedures. Transportation must use authorized carriers with proper explosive transport licenses, appropriate packaging meeting UN specifications, and complete documentation including transport emergency cards. Vehicles must be equipped with explosion-proof features and follow designated routes with restricted quantities per shipment.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol is subject to extensive regulations including EU CLP classification as Explosive 1.1 and Acute Toxicity 3, requiring GHS01 and GHS06 pictograms with 'Danger' signal word. It falls under explosive precursor regulations, REACH registration requirements, and may require special licenses for purchase, storage, and use. While not currently listed as SVHC, its handling is strictly controlled under national explosive and chemical safety legislations.

2,4,6-trinitrophenol is available through specialized chemical distributors like OYSI, which serves the European market with regulated chemical products. Purchase requires proper licensing, end-use declarations, and compliance with explosive material regulations. Buyers must demonstrate legitimate industrial need, appropriate storage facilities, and qualified personnel. Contact OYSI's technical team for availability, regulatory requirements, and specialized handling arrangements for this controlled explosive substance.