Urea

Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH4N2O and CAS number 57-13-6. It is a white, crystalline solid that serves as the primary nitrogen-containing end product of protein metabolism in mammals. With a molecular weight of 60.056 g/mol, urea is highly soluble in water and polar solvents. It occurs naturally in urine and is also produced synthetically on an industrial scale for various commercial applications.

Urea appears as white, odorless crystals or granules at room temperature. It has excellent water solubility (about 1080 g/L at 20°C) and is also soluble in alcohols and slightly soluble in ether. The compound has a melting point of 132-135°C and decomposes at higher temperatures. Urea is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from air, and has a density of approximately 1.32 g/cm³.

Urea serves primarily as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, representing about 46% nitrogen content by weight. It is widely used in the chemical industry for manufacturing urea-formaldehyde resins, adhesives, and plastics. Additional applications include use as a protein supplement in animal feed, a component in cosmetics and skincare products, and as a diesel exhaust fluid (AdBlue) for reducing NOx emissions in vehicles.

Urea requires standard laboratory safety practices during handling. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment including safety glasses, gloves, and lab coats to prevent skin and eye contact. Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid dust inhalation, though urea presents minimal toxicity risks. Avoid generating dust clouds and use proper material handling equipment for bulk quantities. The substance poses no significant hazard classification under GHS, making it relatively safe to handle with basic precautions.

Urea should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture due to its hygroscopic nature. Use tightly sealed containers to prevent water absorption and caking. Store away from strong acids and oxidizing agents to avoid potential reactions. Maintain temperatures below 40°C to prevent decomposition and ensure good ventilation in storage areas. Keep containers properly labeled and ensure storage areas are clean and free from contamination sources.

Urea contact requires basic first aid measures due to its low toxicity profile. For skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and water. If urea gets in eyes, rinse immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists. In case of inhalation of dust, move to fresh air. If ingested in large quantities, rinse mouth and drink water, though urea toxicity is generally low.

Urea disposal should follow local environmental regulations as it can contribute to nitrogen pollution in water systems. Small quantities can often be dissolved and disposed of via wastewater treatment systems where permitted. Larger amounts should be disposed of through licensed waste management companies. Avoid direct release to soil or water bodies due to potential eutrophication effects. Check with local authorities for specific disposal requirements in your region.

Urea is not classified as a dangerous good under ADR regulations, simplifying its transport requirements. Standard packaging suitable for solid chemicals is adequate, ensuring containers are moisture-proof and properly sealed. No special transport documentation or vehicle requirements are needed beyond normal commercial shipping practices. However, proper labeling with product identification and supplier information should be maintained throughout the transport chain for traceability and safety purposes.

Urea is registered under REACH regulation and does not require authorization as it is not listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). It has no specific classification under CLP regulation due to its low hazard profile. However, commercial use may be subject to fertilizer regulations in agricultural applications and feed regulations when used in animal nutrition. Always verify local regulatory requirements for specific intended uses and quantities.

Urea is available through OYSI, a European distributor of technical chemicals, offering reliable supply across European markets. OYSI provides urea in various packaging sizes suitable for different industrial applications, from laboratory quantities to bulk industrial requirements. As an established chemical distributor, OYSI ensures product quality and regulatory compliance for European customers. Contact OYSI directly for pricing, availability, and specific packaging options to meet your requirements.