Iron

Iron is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Fe and CAS number 7439-89-6. It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and one of the most important metals in industrial applications. Iron has a molecular weight of 55.84 g/mol and exists as a silvery-gray, lustrous metal in its pure form. It is highly reactive and readily forms compounds with oxygen and other elements, making it essential for numerous chemical and industrial processes.

Iron is a solid metal at room temperature with a characteristic silvery-gray appearance and metallic luster. It has a melting point of 1538°C and a boiling point of 2862°C. Iron is ferromagnetic below 770°C and has a density of 7.87 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids. Iron readily oxidizes in moist air, forming rust (iron oxides). It has no distinctive odor and exhibits good electrical and thermal conductivity properties.

Iron is primarily used in steel production, accounting for about 95% of all metal tonnages produced worldwide. It serves as a raw material for manufacturing automotive parts, construction materials, machinery, and tools. Iron is essential in chemical processes as a catalyst and reducing agent. It finds applications in powder metallurgy, magnetic materials production, and as a nutritional supplement in food and pharmaceutical industries. Iron compounds are also used in water treatment and pigment manufacturing.

Iron should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment including safety glasses, gloves, and dust masks when dealing with iron powder to prevent inhalation. Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize dust exposure. Iron powder can be pyrophoric and may ignite spontaneously when finely divided, so avoid friction, heat, and sparks. Use non-sparking tools when handling iron powder. Wash hands thoroughly after handling and avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas.

Iron should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture to prevent oxidation and rust formation. Keep containers tightly closed and protected from humidity. For iron powder, store in cool, dry conditions away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames due to its potential pyrophoric nature. Avoid storage near acids and oxidizing agents. Use appropriate containers that prevent moisture ingress and ensure proper labeling according to safety requirements.

Iron contact typically poses minimal immediate health risks, but proper first aid measures should be followed. For skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and water to remove iron particles. In case of eye contact, flush immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists. If iron dust is inhaled, move to fresh air immediately. For ingestion, rinse mouth with water and seek medical advice if large quantities are consumed.

Iron disposal should follow local environmental regulations and waste management guidelines. Iron and iron-containing materials are generally recyclable and should be separated for metal recycling whenever possible. Contaminated iron waste may require special handling depending on the nature of contamination. Contact local waste management authorities for specific disposal requirements. Iron powder waste should be handled carefully due to potential fire hazards and may require specialized disposal methods through licensed waste management companies.

Iron is classified under ADR Class 4.2 (substances liable to spontaneous combustion) Packing Group III, particularly for iron powder forms. Transportation requires appropriate packaging that prevents moisture ingress and provides adequate ventilation. Vehicles must carry proper documentation and emergency response information. Iron powder shipments require special precautions to prevent ignition during transport. Bulk iron materials may have different transport requirements and should comply with relevant dangerous goods regulations for safe transportation.

Iron is regulated under various European frameworks including REACH registration requirements for commercial use. While not classified as a SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern), iron powder falls under ADR transport regulations due to its pyrophoric properties. CLP regulation applies for classification and labeling of iron compounds. Industrial users must comply with occupational health and safety standards for workplace exposure limits. Food-grade iron is subject to additional food safety regulations when used in nutritional applications.

Iron is available through OYSI, a European distributor of chemical products, offering reliable supply across European markets. OYSI provides various grades and forms of iron suitable for industrial, research, and commercial applications. As an established chemical distributor, OYSI ensures compliance with European regulations and provides technical support for iron procurement. Contact OYSI directly for specific product availability, technical specifications, and delivery options tailored to your requirements in the European market.