Gallium

Gallium is a soft, silvery metallic element with the chemical symbol Ga and atomic number 31. This post-transition metal has the unique property of melting at approximately 29.8°C (85.6°F), making it liquid at slightly above room temperature. Gallium has a molecular weight of 69.723 g/mol and belongs to group 13 of the periodic table. It is known for its low melting point and ability to wet glass and other surfaces.

Gallium is a soft, silvery-blue metallic solid at room temperature that becomes liquid when heated slightly above 29.8°C. It has no characteristic odor and exhibits excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Gallium is insoluble in water but dissolves in acids and alkalis. The metal expands upon solidification, similar to water, and has a relatively high boiling point of 2204°C, giving it an exceptionally wide liquid range.

Gallium is primarily used in the electronics industry for manufacturing semiconductors, particularly gallium arsenide (GaAs) compounds for high-frequency applications, LEDs, and solar cells. It serves as a component in low-melting-point alloys and liquid metal applications. Gallium is also utilized in thermometers as a mercury alternative, in medical imaging applications, and in specialized research applications requiring liquid metals at near-room temperatures.

Gallium should be handled with standard laboratory safety practices including wearing nitrile gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. While gallium has no specific GHS hazard classification, avoid prolonged skin contact as it may cause irritation. Work in well-ventilated areas and use appropriate tools when handling to prevent contamination. Wash hands thoroughly after handling and avoid contact with aluminum, as gallium can weaken aluminum structures through amalgamation.

Gallium should be stored in chemically inert containers such as glass, stainless steel, or certain plastics, avoiding aluminum containers which gallium can penetrate and weaken. Store in a cool, dry place away from reactive metals and strong acids or bases. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Store away from aluminum structures and equipment to prevent potential structural damage through gallium penetration.

Gallium contact typically requires standard first aid measures. For skin contact, immediately wash the affected area with soap and warm water to remove any residue. If gallium gets in eyes, flush immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. If ingested, rinse mouth with water and seek medical advice. While gallium is generally considered low-toxicity, consult a healthcare professional for any concerning symptoms.

Gallium should be disposed of according to local hazardous waste regulations as it is considered a recoverable metal. Do not dispose of gallium in regular trash or pour down drains. Collect waste gallium in appropriate containers and contact licensed hazardous waste disposal companies. Many facilities accept gallium for recycling due to its value. Consult local environmental authorities for specific disposal requirements in your region.

Gallium is classified under ADR Class 8 (corrosive substances), Group III for transportation purposes. It must be packaged in appropriate UN-approved containers and labeled accordingly. Transportation requires proper documentation including safety data sheets and transport documents. Due to its low melting point, consider temperature conditions during transport to prevent phase changes. Follow ADR regulations for Class 8 materials when shipping gallium across European borders.

Gallium is regulated under REACH regulation in Europe and must comply with standard chemical registration requirements. It is not classified as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) and has no specific GHS hazard classification. However, it falls under general metal handling regulations and waste disposal requirements. Export/import may be subject to dual-use regulations in some jurisdictions due to its semiconductor applications. Always check current regulatory status before use.

Gallium is available through OYSI, a leading European distributor of specialty chemicals and metals. OYSI supplies high-purity gallium to research institutions, electronics manufacturers, and industrial users across Europe. We provide technical support, regulatory documentation, and reliable supply chains for gallium requirements. Contact OYSI directly for pricing, availability, and specific purity grades to meet your application needs in the European market.