Sodium hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula ClNaO and CAS number 7681-52-9. It is a sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, commonly known as liquid bleach when dissolved in water. With a molecular weight of 74.44 g/mol, it serves as a powerful oxidizing agent and disinfectant. This chemical is classified as corrosive to skin and eyes, and poses environmental hazards to aquatic life, requiring careful handling and storage procedures.

Sodium hypochlorite appears as a pale greenish-yellow aqueous solution with a characteristic chlorine-like odor. It is highly soluble in water and typically available in concentrations ranging from 3-15%. The solution is alkaline with a pH above 11, which helps maintain its stability. It decomposes readily when exposed to light, heat, or acidic conditions, releasing chlorine gas. The compound is thermally unstable and can decompose explosively at high concentrations or temperatures.

Sodium hypochlorite serves primarily as a disinfectant and bleaching agent across multiple industries. It is widely used in water treatment facilities for drinking water purification and wastewater disinfection. The textile industry employs it for fabric bleaching, while the pulp and paper industry uses it for paper whitening. Food processing facilities utilize it for surface sanitization, and swimming pool maintenance relies on it for water disinfection. Healthcare facilities also use it for instrument sterilization and surface cleaning.

Sodium hypochlorite requires strict safety measures due to its corrosive nature (Skin Corr. 1B, Eye Dam. 1). Essential personal protective equipment includes chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing covering exposed skin. Work in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhaling chlorine vapors. Never mix with acids, ammonia, or other chemicals as this can generate toxic gases. Use corrosion-resistant tools and equipment, and ensure emergency eyewash stations and safety showers are readily accessible.

Sodium hypochlorite must be stored in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Use only corrosion-resistant containers made of polyethylene or other compatible materials. Keep strictly separated from acids, reducing agents, organic materials, and metals to prevent dangerous reactions. Storage temperature should remain below 25°C to minimize decomposition. Ensure containers are properly labeled and sealed, with adequate secondary containment to prevent spills from reaching drains or soil.

Immediate action is critical due to sodium hypochlorite's corrosive properties. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and flush affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. For eye contact, rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately. Do not induce vomiting if ingested; rinse mouth with water. Seek immediate medical attention for all exposure incidents, especially eye contact or ingestion.

Sodium hypochlorite disposal must comply with local environmental regulations due to its aquatic toxicity classification (Aquatic Acute 1, Aquatic Chronic 1). Small quantities can often be neutralized with reducing agents like sodium thiosulfate before disposal, but this should only be done by trained personnel. Large quantities require disposal through licensed hazardous waste contractors. Never discharge directly into drains, sewers, or water bodies. Container disposal must follow hazardous waste protocols, and empty containers may retain hazardous residues.

Sodium hypochlorite is classified as ADR Class 8 (corrosive substances), Packing Group II, requiring specific transport protocols. Packages must bear appropriate hazard labels including corrosive markings and environmental hazard symbols. Vehicles must carry proper documentation, emergency response information, and appropriate fire extinguishing equipment. Drivers require ADR certification for dangerous goods transport. Packages must be secured to prevent movement and potential leakage during transit, with emergency contact information readily available.

Sodium hypochlorite is subject to comprehensive EU regulations including REACH registration requirements and CLP classification obligations. It is not currently listed as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). Companies must comply with safety data sheet requirements, proper labeling with GHS05 and GHS09 pictograms, and the 'Danger' signal word. Workplace exposure limits may apply, and environmental discharge permits are often required. Biocidal product regulations may also apply depending on intended use and market placement.

Sodium hypochlorite is available through OYSI, a specialized European distributor of industrial chemicals. OYSI provides technical-grade sodium hypochlorite with complete regulatory documentation, safety data sheets, and technical support. As an established chemical distributor, OYSI ensures product quality, regulatory compliance, and reliable supply chains across European markets. Professional customers can access various concentrations and packaging options suitable for industrial, commercial, and institutional applications while meeting all transport and safety requirements.