pH Calculator

Calculate pH, pOH, [H⁺], and [OH⁻] from a known value. Instant conversion between all pH scale quantities at 25 °C.

Relationships (at 25 °C)

pH + pOH = 14

pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]  |  pOH = −log₁₀[OH⁻]

The pH calculator enables conversion between pH value, pOH value, hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺], and hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻]. All calculations apply at 25 °C, where the ion product of water Kw = 10⁻¹⁴.

The pH value is the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]. Together with the pOH value, the relationship pH + pOH = 14 holds. From any one of these four values, the other three can be calculated.

The pH value is one of the most important measurements in chemistry. It determines the acid or base strength of a solution and is crucial for chemical reactions, biological processes, water treatment, and industrial applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the pH value mean?
The pH value indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution. A solution with pH < 7 is acidic, pH = 7 is neutral, and pH > 7 is basic (alkaline). The pH value is calculated as the negative base-10 logarithm of the H⁺ concentration.
How are pH and pOH related?
At 25 °C, the relationship pH + pOH = 14 applies (based on the ion product of water Kw = 10⁻¹⁴). If you know the pH value, you can calculate pOH as 14 − pH and vice versa.
Why are the calculations only valid at 25 °C?
The ion product of water (Kw) is temperature-dependent. At 25 °C, Kw = 10⁻¹⁴, giving pH + pOH = 14. At higher temperatures, Kw increases, and the sum pH + pOH becomes less than 14.

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